Chapter 12: DNA

Question 1

Where one strain of bacteria is changed into another.

Answer 1

Transformation

Question 2

One kind of virus that infects bacteria.

Answer 2

Bacteriophage

Question 3

DNA is a long molecule made up of these units. Each is made up of three basic components.

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

Where hydrogen bonds form between certain nitrogenous bases. A=T G=C

Answer 4

Base Pairing

Question 5

DNA and protein tightly packed together.

Answer 5

Chromatin

Question 6

DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins.

Answer 6

Histones

Question 7

DNA and histone molecules form this beadlike structure.

Answer 7

nucleosome

Question 8

Nucleosome packed with one another form?

Answer 8

Thick fiber which is shortened by a system of loops and coils.

Question 9

DNA molecule separate into two strands, and then produces two complimentary strand of the double helix.

Answer 9

DNA Replication

Question 10

The principle enzyme involved in DNA replication.

Answer 10

DNA Polymerase

Question 11

Coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell.

Answer 11

Genes

Question 12

The RNA molecules that carry copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.

Answer 12

Messenger RNA

Question 13

Ribosomes are made up of several proteins as well as a form of this RNA.

Answer 13

Ribosomal RNA

Question 14

RNA molecules that transfer each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in the mRNA.

Answer 14

Transfer RNA

Question 15

The process of producing RNA molecules by copying part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA.

Answer 15

Transcription

Question 16

An enzyme required by transcription that is similar to DNA polymerase.

Answer 16

RNA Polymerase

Question 17

Regions of DNA that enzymes bind to. They have specific base sequences.

Answer 17

Promoters

Question 18

Sequences of nucleotides that are not involved in coding for proteins.

Answer 18

Introns

Question 19

The DNA sequences that code for proteins.

Answer 19

Exons

Question 20

They consist of three consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino’ acid that is to be added to the polypeptide.

Answer 20

Codon

Question 21

During this process, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.

Answer 21

Translation

Question 22

Bases that complementary to one mRNA codon.

Answer 22

Anticodon

Question 23

Mistakes the cells make when copying their own DNA.

Answer 23

Mutations

Question 24

Gene mutations involving changes in one or a few nucleotides.

Answer 24

Point Mutations

Question 25

They shift the "reading frame" of the genetic message.

Answer 25

Frameshift Mutations

Question 26

The condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes.

Answer 26

Polyploidy

Question 27

A group of genes that operate together.

Answer 27

Operon

Question 28

E. coli cells contain several copies of a DNA-binding protein known as the lac repressor, which can bind to the O region.

Answer 28

Operator

Question 29

The process of becoming specialized in structure and function.

Answer 29

Differentiation

Question 30

A series of genes that control the differentiation of cells and tissues in the embryo.

Answer 30

Hox Genes