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ALU 201 > chapter 12 - hematological disorders > Flashcards

chapter 12 - hematological disorders Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

what are the two components of blood

A

plasma and cellular components (RBC, WBC, Platelets)

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2
Q

what is in plasma

A

water, proteins, carbs, lipids, electrolytes, clotting factors

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3
Q

what do platelets and coagulation factors in plasma do

A

maintain homeostasis

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4
Q

what is the principal site of blood cell formation

A

bone marrow

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5
Q

what is hematopoiesis

A

production of blood cells

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6
Q

what protein regulates RBC production and where is it produced

A

erythropoietin, in the kidney

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7
Q

what is the main function of RBC and what is the carrier substance

A

transport of oxygen to the tissues, hemoglobin is the carrier substance

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8
Q

what is the life span of a normal RBC and what s the process of removing them

A

120 days

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9
Q

what is the term for increased WBC

A

leukocytosis

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10
Q

what is the term for decreased WBC

A

leukopenia

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11
Q

what are some causes for leukocytosis

A

acute bacterial infection, physical stimuli (heat, cold, pain, surgery, malignancies, drug reactions), emotional stimuli (stress)

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12
Q

when is leukopenia often seen

A

with viral or overwhelming bacterial infection

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13
Q

what is the term for increased RBC

A

polycythemia

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14
Q

microcytic cells are seen in ______ (conditions)

A

iron def anemia and thalessemia

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15
Q

macrocystic cells re seen in ___(conditions)

A

liver disorders, alcoholism, folic acid, vit b12 deficiencies

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16
Q

what is MCV describing

A

RBC size (microcytic or macrocytic)

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17
Q

what is MCH

A

average weight of hemoglobin in each individual RBC

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18
Q

what does MCHC measure

A

average weight of hemoglobin in each individual RBC

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19
Q

what are normocytes

A

normal sized erythrocytes

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20
Q

what is anisocytosis

A

abnormal variation in cell size

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21
Q

what is poikilocytosis

A

variation in RBC shape

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22
Q

what values should be analyzed in anemia

A

hemoglobin, MCV and MCH

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23
Q

what values are used to classify anemia as normocytic, microcytic or macrocytic, or normochronic or hypochromic

A

MCV and MCH

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24
Q

anemias with normal MCV and MCH are called _______ and __________

A

normocytic and normochromic

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25
anemia of chronic blood loss, chronic disease and aplastic anemia are _____
normocytic and normochromic
26
anemias with decreased MCV and MCH are
microcytic and hypochromic
27
decreased MCV and MCH are almost always seen with which type of anemia
iron deficient anemia
28
very low MCV is common seen with ____
thalassemia
29
anemias with elev MCV are ______ and can be due to _______
macrocytic, due to folic acid deficiency, b2 def, or a problem with intrinsic factor that transports fit b12 ro the intestine
30
what other thing can elev MCV be due to
excess alcohol intake
31
describe RBC in macrocytic anemia
fewer but larger RBC
32
what is megaloblastic anemia
imprecise term that designates a group of anemias having similar characteristics of morphology and function
33
what is aplastic anemia
a bone marrow disorder characterized by a reduction of hemopoietic tissue, replacement of hemopoietic tissue, and depletion of all cell lines (pancytopenia)
34
what is pure red cell aplasia
like aplastic anemia but only the RBC precursors are hypoplastic
35
does aplasia anemia have poor prognosis
yes
36
what is the overall mortality rate for aplastic anemia and the median survival
65-70%, 3 months
37
what is the most common cause of death with aplastic anemia
hemorrhage or infection
38
what is the most favorable situation re aplastic anemia for underwriting
cause clearly diagnosed and anemia resolved for several years
39
what is a hemolytic process
shortened RBC survival
40
what is hereditary sperhocytosis and how is it treated
a hemolytic anemia with sphere shaped RBC and destroyed in the spleen. treated with splenectomy
41
children who have splenectomy have higher mortality until what age
15-18
42
what is G-6-PD deficiency
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase def, hereditary abnormal in which the activity or stability of the enzyme G-6-PD is markedly diminished
43
sickle cell disease is often fatal before age ___
30
44
the anemia of thalassemia is due to ____
both decreased RBD production and hemolysis
45
what is the homozygous form of thalassemia
thalassemia major
46
what is the heterozygous form of thalassemia
thalassemia minor
47
what is polycythemia vera
myeloproliferative disorder of the bone marrow that can terminate in acute granulocytic leukemia
48
in polycythemia vera what is increased
RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC mass and viscosity of blood
49
approx 30% of patients with polycythemia vera will develop ____
leukemia
50
what is treatment for polycythemia vera
period blood draws (phlebotomy)
51
which type of WBC are the most numerous
neutrophils
52
which type of WBC is most important in fighting bacterial infections and inflammation
neutrophils
53
which type of WBC has a strong association with allergies
eosinophilic
54
which type of WBC is rare and carries heparin and histamines
basophils
55
what is he second most abundant WBC
lymphocytes
56
what are monocytes
the largest cell of normal blood, ingests and destroys particles, debris, and bacteria
57
is hemophilia A seen more in males or females
males
58
is Von Willebrands seen more in males or females
females
59
hemophilia A is caused by a deficiency of
factor VIII
60
what is another name for hemophilia B
christmas disease
61
hemophilia B is caused by a deficiency of
factor IV
62
Von willebrands involves
platelet and factor VIII deficiencies
63
aplastic anemia is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: 1. replacement of hemopoietic tissue 2. depletion of cell lines 3. reduction of hemopoietic tissue 4. hypercellular bone marrow
4. hypercellular bone marrow
64
in polycythemia vera, are hemoglobin and hematocrit usually decreased at diagnosis?
no
65
what is the malignant disorder characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBC
leukemia
66
Is hemophilia a also known as Christmas disease
No
67
Is hemophilia a caused by a factor IX deficiency
No
68
Does hemophilia a developed predominantly in males or females
Males
69
What is decreased synthesis of one of the polypeptide chains that comprise hemoglobin
Thalasssmia

ALU 201 (20 decks)

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