Chapter 12- Lectures

Question 0

What is the Sam pathway?

Answer 0

• A stress response system

Cortex –> hypothalamus –> spinal cord (sns)–> adrenal medulla–> epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 1

What is stress?

Answer 1

• A biological and psychological process

- Includes a negative situation that we perceive to be threatening and beyond our abilities to cope

Question 2

What is the hpa pathway?

Answer 2

• Stress response system

Cortex–> hypothalamus–> pituitary gland–> adrenal cortex–> cortisol

Question 3

When is stress healthy? When is it unhealthy?

Answer 3

• Healthy= short term “fight-or-flight” - it can be adaptive
• Unhealthy= long term as cortisol release kills Neurons in the brain

Question 4

What researcher said that when faced with stress, bodies of both humans and animals undergo physiological changes, releasing “fight- or flight” hormones?

Answer 4

Canon

Question 5

Who coined the term “stress”, making it a medical term?

Answer 5

• Seyle

Question 6

Who proposed the theory of GAS, and what does this theory state?

Answer 6

• Seyle
• Says that our body undergoes:
  
  1. Alarm Reaction (mobilization of resources)
  2. Resistance (fight)
  3. Exhaustion (resources used up, susceptible to illness)

Question 7

What is the role of the adrenal glands?

Answer 7

• To release hormones into the body

Question 8

Name a few examples of stressors?

Answer 8

• Catastrophies
• Significant life changes
• Daily hassles
• Social and cultural factors
• Conflict

Question 9

What are the ways we can make a choice between two or more alternatives?

Answer 9

• Approach- approach
• Approach- avoidance
• Avoidance- avoidance

Question 10

What is perceived control?

Answer 10

• A sense that one can handle what life throws at them

Question 11

What is the role of macrophages (white blood cells)?

Answer 11

• 1st line of immune system defense
• Look for bad cells/ bacteria and destroy them
• Send bad cells/ bacteria to other cells if they cannot destroy them

Question 12

What is the name of the cell that develops in the bone marrow and makes antibiotics to kill bacteria?

Answer 12

• B lymphocytes

Question 13

What is the role of T lymphocytes?

Answer 13

• Go after infected and cancerous cells

- Develop in Thymes

Question 14

What cell plays an important role in stopping the spread of infected and cancerous cells?

Answer 14

• Natural killer cells

Question 15

What do helper t-cells do?

Answer 15

• Enhance the immune system/ help it t

Question 16

A real illness linked to psychological factors is termed as?

Answer 16

Psychophysiological illness

Question 17

What do psychneuroimmunologist’s study?

Answer 17

• How psychological, neural illnesses affect the immune system

Question 18

Friedman and roseman carried out studies with 3 groups 1. Was asked to keep a food diary 2. Monitored accountants stress levels during tax season and after tax season 3. Type A and Type B men. They originally believed that ____ was the underlying reason heart disease was on the rise

Answer 18

• Diet

Question 19

Is there a difference in Type A and Type B individuals when they are both relaxed?

Answer 19

• no.

Question 20

Is there a link better stress and cancer?

Answer 20

• Stress hormones do not create can we cells

- A cause- effect relationship exists in animal studies, but results are mixed in terms of human studies.

Question 21

What are the ways in which we can deal with stress?

Answer 21

• Problem focused coping
• Emotion focused coping
• Maladaptive coping

Question 22

What is re- appraising?

Answer 22

• Re- interpreting a situation

Question 23

What are the two forms of social comparisons?

Answer 23

• Upward: compare yourself to ppl doing better than you- as inspiration
• Downward: compare yourself to ppl doing worse than you

Question 24

Perceived control helped what author to survive the holocaust?

Answer 24

Victor e. Frankl | - Said everything can be taken from a man or woman but their freedom to choose their attitude

Question 25

Students were injected with the cold virus, and followed to see who got sick. Out of students who had a fight w friends, smokers, and lonely ppl, the group that was the most likely to develop the cold was...?

Answer 25

- Lonely people (4.2x) vs. Smokers (3.0) and fighting w/ friends (2.5)

Question 26

Stretches of DNA at the end of chromosomes that protect the chromosomes from unraveling and stay long and strong even when we're stressed if we have good social support are called.....?

Answer 26

- Telomeres

Question 27

Ppl with a good history of social support show a high level of activity in ____ frontal lobes, vs ppl with a history of poor social support show high levels of activity in ____ frontal lobes

Answer 27

- Left, right

Question 28

Aerobic exercise supports longevity by fostering the growth of ____ in the brain, proteins essential for the survival and growth of neurons. They rescue damaged neurons from imminent death.

Answer 28

- Nerve growth factors (NGF)

Question 29

True or False:aerobic exercise reverses and stops brain shrinkage?

Answer 29

- True. :)

Question 30

Individuals who exercise have high levels of what neurotransmitters?

Answer 30

- norepinephrine - serotonin - dopamine - endorphins - glutamate

Question 31

_______ lowers physiological arousal, blood lactate, shuts down the fight or flight response, and increases melatonin, attention and focus abilities

Answer 31

Meditation

Question 32

T or F: people who meditate on a regular basis have certain areas of their brain that=heavier and thicker than avg

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Meditation decreases biological ____, keeping telomeres nice and long

Answer 33

- Age.