Chapter 13- Lectures Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the two main criticisms of the trait perspective?
- It is good at listing and describing traits, but does not offer a good description/ explanation as to how we develop traits
- It focuses too much on a traits contribution to behaviours, disregarding situational behaviours
The typical way in which we think, behave, and feel constitutes ________.
- Personality
The trait perspective led to the person- situation controversy which asks:
- What influences behaviours more: traits of behaviours?
What did Mischel say in response to the person-situation controversy?
- Traits are poor predictors of behaviours as behaviours depend more on situations a
Who said that Mischel was both correct and wrong. If you’re going to use traits to predict behaviours in a specific situation, it’s wrong. But, if you’re going to use them to predict how a person behaves on average, it’s good?
- Epstein
The behavioural perspective stresses what?
- All behaviours are learned
- Personality is a set of learned responses (behaviours)
- We do what we do bc there is a payoff, it works, we get something out of it.
- A behaviour that produces a desirable consequence is likely to repeat, whereas one that produces an undesirable consequence is unlikely to repeat
The social cognitive perspective was largely contributed to by who?
- Bandura
Bandura stressed what?
- Multiple factors influence and affect personality such as leaning and conscious cognitive processes.
- –> We are active learners
- Self- efficacy beliefs
- —> belief that we can perform successfully even if you haven’t in the past…..
- Situation- Environment factors
- -> must be taken into consideration
- –> ex: behaviour at funeral vs. Party
The idea that variables influence and effect one another, causality flows in both directions aka A–>B, B–>A is termed as what?
- Reciprocal Determinism
True or false: Reciprocal determinism states that there is reciprocal determinism between Bandura’s factors?
- True.
What are three ways in which ppl (personalities), and environment interact?
- Different people choose different environments and situations
- Personality shapes how we interpret situations in our lives (situational factors)
- Personality helps create situations to which we will react.
What is the locus of control?
- Can be internal and external
Internal (I control my own destiny. Results come from my actions directly) high levels= positive outcome
External (Others control my own destiny- I.e bosses, family, etc) high levels= negative outcomes
The idea that both animals and humans, when faced with a situation that is uncomfortable and unpredictable go into this state of ‘giving up’ is called?
- Learned helplessness
What are the pros and cons of the social cognitive perspective?
Pros: Based on science/ research. Sensitized researchers to the importance of situational factors and conscious cognitive processes.
Cons: Forgets about: traits, emotions. Unconscious motives
Genes (twin studies, adoption studies, brain studies) and the brain (structure, I.e less frontal lobe activity in violent criminals) show that there is a _____ component to personality?
- Biological
People whose pleasure pathways are sluggish often seek out _______ sports. What neurotransmitter’s are low in these people?
- Extreme.
- Low levels of MAO (neurotransmitter regulator) and serotonin (low levels associated with depression, violence)
Phineas Gage was an example of how damage to the _____ can totally change a persons actions/ personality
- Frontal lobes.
What are possible selves?
- The selves we have not developed yet.
2 kinds:
1. We desire to become (i.e a parent)
2. We are scared to be one (can affect motivations and behaviours)
The idea that we feel self conscious and think we are at the centre of other people’s attention in called
- The spotlight effect
What are the two components of the self serving bias?
- We tend to our own strengths and distance ourselves from our weaknesses
- Based on search, the majority of us think we’re better than average.
