Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue

Question 1

The motor component of the somatic nervous system is concerned with what type of tissue ?

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle (voluntary)

Question 2

Most nerve impulses arise where in the nerve cell ?

Answer 2

Trigger zone

Question 3

What are the 3 Branches of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 3

SNS, ANS, and ENS

Question 4

3 parts of a neuron

Answer 4

Cell body, axon, dendrites

Question 5

Site of communication btw a neuron and an effector cell is called what ?

Answer 5

Synapse

Question 6

What do synaptic vesicles store?

Answer 6

Neurotransmitter

Question 7

A molecule released from synaptic vesicles that either inhibits or excites another neuron is known as what?

Answer 7

Neurotransmitter

Question 8

What type of neuro glia myelinate axons in the CNS?

Answer 8

Oligodendrocytes

Question 9

The largest and most numerous neuroglia that functions to form the blood brain barrier ?

Answer 9

Astrocytes

Question 10

This type of neuroglia function to remove cellular debris and phagocytize damaged nervous tissue

Answer 10

Microglia

Question 11

This type of neuroglia produce, and monitor and circulate cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 11

Ependymal cells

Question 12

What type of neuroglia encircle axons in the PNS

Answer 12

Schwann cells

Question 13

What are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS called ?

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

Clusters of excellent bodies in the PNS?

Answer 14

Ganglion

Question 15

A bundle of axons in the PNS ?

Answer 15

Nerve

Question 16

A bundle of axons in the CNS?

Answer 16

Tract

Question 17

What type of channels are used in a graded potential ?

Answer 17

Ligand or mechanically gated ion channels

Question 18

What is a typical resting membrane potential for a neuron ?

Answer 18

-70mV

Question 19

The main cation in the cytosol

Answer 19

Potassium (K+)

Question 20

The main cation and anion in the EXtracellular fluid ?

Answer 20

Sodium (Na+) and chloride (CL-)

Question 21

What feature contributes to the electrogenic nature of resting membrane potential and expels 3 sodium out of cell for every 2 Potassium imported

Answer 21

na+/K+ ATPases (sodium/potassium pumps)

Question 22

Is saltatory conduction faster or slower the. Continuous conduction ?

Answer 22

Faster

Question 23

What is decremental conduction, is it associated with an AP or GP

Answer 23

It is a mode of travel by with the graded potential (GP), dies as it spreads along the membrane

Question 24

Processes in which graded potentials add together

Answer 24

Summation

Question 25

In which phase do voltage gated sodium channels open allowing sodium to rush into the cell ?

Answer 25

Depolarizing phase

Question 26

In the repolarizing phase what cation moves out of the cell ?

Answer 26

K+ ions leave via K+ channels (making the cell more negative and restoring resting membrane potential

Question 27

In the depolarizing phase what voltage gated channels open ?

Answer 27

Na+ voltage gated channels open (na+ enters cell making it more positive )

Question 28

Factors that affect speed of propagation

Answer 28

1) amount of myelination 2) axon diameter 3) temperature

Question 29

Resting potential in skeletal and cardiac mm

Answer 29

-90mv

Question 30

A neurotransmitter that causes depolarization of post synaptic membrane potential is called

Answer 30

(EPSP) excitatory postsynaptic potential

Question 31

Type of neurotransmitter contains a binding site and an ion which are components of the same protein

Answer 31

Ionotropic

Question 32

If the total inhibitory effects are greater then the excitatory effects, the membrane hyper polarizes (IPSP) what is the result ?

Answer 32

Inhibition of the post synaptic nerve impulse and an inability to generate a nerve impulse

Question 33

A neurotransmitter that is released by many cells in the PNS and by some in the CNS. Excitatory at NMJ

Answer 33

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 34

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine are classified as what biogenic amine ?

Answer 34

Catecholamines

Question 35

Name 2 amino acid neurotransmitters in the CNS that have powerful excitatory effects effects

Answer 35

Glutamate asparate

Question 36

What kind of neurotransmitter Are GABBA and GYLCINE ?

Answer 36

Important inhibitory NTs

Question 37

Arousal , awakening from deep sleep, dreaming and regulating mood, doubles as a NT and hormone

Answer 37

Norepinephrine

Question 38

This NT is active during emotional responses addictive behaviours and pleasurable activities ( also regulate skeletal mm tone )

Answer 38

Dopamine

Question 39

What biogenic amine is involved with sensory perception, temperature regulation, control of mood, appetite, and the induction of sleep

Answer 39

Serotonin

Question 40

Neuropeptide related to pain

Answer 40

Substance P

Question 41

Wallerian degeneration

Answer 41

Degeneration of the distal part of the axon and myelin sheath

Question 42

Neural circuit involved with breathing, coordinated muscular contractions, waking up, and short term memory

Answer 42

Reverberating circuit

Question 43

Neural circuit that allows one presynaptic neuron to influence several post synaptic neuron

Answer 43

Diverging circuit

Question 44

True or false damage to myelinated axons and dendrites in the PNS may be repaired if the cell body remains intact

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Nerve responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration?

Answer 45

Satellite cells

Question 46

What are nissl bodies ?

Answer 46

Bunches or Rough ER in neurons