Chapter 12 Pancreas

Question 1

Branch of splenic artery that supplies the tail of the pancreas

Answer 1

caudal pancreatic artery

Question 2

Tapered end of the pancreas that lies in the left hypochondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney

Answer 2

tail of the pancreas

Question 3

Junction of the splenic and main portal vein; posterior border of the body of the pancreas

Answer 3

portal splenic confluence

Question 4

Help supply blood to the pancreas along with the splenic artery

Answer 4

pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 5

Lies in the midepigastrium anterior to the superior mesenteric artery and vein, aorta, and inferior vena cava

Answer 5

body of the pancreas

Question 6

Small curved tip of the pancreatic head that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vein.

Answer 6

uncinate process

Question 7

Forms the lateral border of the head of the pancreas

Answer 7

C-loop of the duodenum

Question 8

Small area of the pancreas between the head and body; anterior to the superior mesenteric vein.

Answer 8

neck of pancreas

Question 9

Lies posterior to the neck of body of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process gland

Answer 9

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 10

Forms the right superior border of the body and head of the pancreas and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery

Answer 10

common hepatic duct

Question 11

Largest duct of the pancreas that drains the tail, body, and head of gland; it joins the common bile duct to enter the duodenum through the ampulla of Vater

Answer 11

duct of Wirsung

Question 12

Lies in the C-loop of the duodenum; the gastroduodenal artery is the anterolateral border, and the common bile duct is the posterolateral border

Answer 12

head of pancreas

Question 13

Serves as the posterior border to the body of the pancreas

Answer 13

superior mesenteric artery

Question 14

Small accessory duct of the pancreas found in the head of the gland

Answer 14

duct of Santorini

Question 15

Branch of the splenic artery that supplies the body of the pancreas

Answer 15

dorsal pancreatic artery

Question 16

The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production of the hormone insulin

Answer 16

endocrine

Question 17

Portion of the pancreas that has an endocrine function and produces insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin

Answer 17

islets of Langerhans

Question 18

Stimulates the liver to convert the glycogen to glucose; produced by alpha cells

Answer 18

glucagons

Question 19

The kind of pancreatic function that involves the production and digestion of pancreatic juice

Answer 19

exocrine

Question 20

Pancreatic enzyme that is elevated during pancreatitis

Answer 20

serum amylase

Question 21

Cells that perform exocrine function

Answer 21

acini cells

Question 22

Hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and that allows circulating glucose to enter tissue cells

Answer 22

insulin

Question 23

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats; enzyme is elevated in pancreatitis and remains increased longer than amylase

Answer 23

lipase

Question 24

Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 24

amylase

Question 25

Congenital condition in which elevated fat levels cause pancreatitis

Answer 25

hyperlipidemia

Question 26

Excessive bilirubin in the bloodstream caused by an obstruction of bile from the liver; characterized by a yellow discoloration of the sclera of the eye, skin, and mucous membranes

Answer 26

obstructive jaundice

Question 27

Malignant neoplasm that aries from the lymphoid tissues

Answer 27

lymphoma

Question 28

Dilated loops of bowel without peristalsis; associated with various abdominal problems, including pancreatitis, sickle cell crisis, and bowel obstruction

Answer 28

ileus

Question 29

Space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane

Answer 29

pseudocyst

Question 30

"Sterile abscess" collection of pancreatic enzymes that accumulate in the available space in abdomen, usually in or near pancreas

Answer 30

pancreatic pseudocyst

Question 31

Abnormal increase in white blood cells caused by infections

Answer 31

leukocytosis

Question 32

Enlargement of the gallbladder caused by a slow, progessive obstruction of the distal common bile duct from an external mass, such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head.

Answer 32

Courvoisier's gallbladder

Question 33

Elevated levels of calcium in blood

Answer 33

hypercalcemia

Question 34

Fluid accumulation caused by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free-floating pancreatic enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures

Answer 34

pancreatic ascites

Question 35

Hereditary disease that causes excessive production of thick mucus by the endocrine glands

Answer 35

cystic fibrosis

Question 36

The pancreas is located in the ______________ cavity posterior to the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum of the small bowel.

Answer 36

retroperitoneal

Question 37

The pancreatic gland appears sonographically ______________ to slightly more _________________ then the hepatic parenchyma.

Answer 37

isoechoic; hyperechoic

Question 38

The major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas are the __________________ and _________________

Answer 38

aorta; inferior vena cava

Question 39

The head of the pancreas lies ______________ to the inferior vena cava

Answer 39

anterior

Question 40

The ___________________ crosses anterior to the uncinate process of the head of the gland and posterior to the neck of the body

Answer 40

superior mesenteric vein

Question 41

The tortuous _____________ is the superior border of the pancreas

Answer 41

splenic artery

Question 42

The tail of the pancreas is more difficult to image because it lies anterior to the left kidney and posterior to the left _____________ and ________________.

Answer 42

colic flexure; transverse colon

Question 43

The ______________ receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of duodenum with the common bile duct at the ampulla of Vater.

Answer 43

duct of Wirsung

Question 44

The blood supply for the pancreas is from the __________ artery and the _________________ ateries.

Answer 44

splenic; pancreaticoduodenal

Question 45

The _______________ artery is seen along the anterolateral border of the pancreas as it travels a short distance along the anterior aspect of the pancreatic duct.

Answer 45

gastroduodenal

Question 46

The _________________ duct crosses the anterior aspect of the portal vein to the right of the proper hepatic artery.

Answer 46

common bile duct

Question 47

The portal vein is ______________ to the inferior vena cava.

Answer 47

anterior

Question 48

Name the structures that should be identified as landmarks to locate the pancreas.

Answer 48

``` Superior mesenteric vein & artery portal and splenic veins Aorta IVC Common bile duct Gastroduodenal artery left renal vein duodenal bulb posterior wall of stomach pancreatic duct ```

Question 49

When the pancreas is enlarged, the anterior border of the ______________ may depict a slight indentation.

Answer 49

inferior vena cava

Question 50

When the pancreas becomes damaged and malfunctions as a result of increased secretion and blockage of ducts, ______________ occurs

Answer 50

Pancreatitis

Question 51

An acute attack of pancreatitis is commonly related to ________________, and ___________________.

Answer 51

biliary tract disease; alcoholism

Question 52

The patient with pancreatitis typically presents with moderate to severe tenderness in the ________________ radiating to the _________________.

Answer 52

epigastrium, back

Question 53

When swelling does occur, the gland is hypoechoic to anechoic and is less echogenic than the liver because of the increased prominence of _________________ and _________________.

Answer 53

lobulations; congested vessels

Question 54

The pancreatic duct may be obstructed in acute pancreatitis as a result of _______________, ________________, _____________, __________________, and ________________.

Answer 54

inflammation, spasm, edema, swelling of papilla, and pseudocyst formation.

Question 55

Fluid collections around the pancreatic ___________, along the _______________ spaces, within the _____________ pouch, and around the _______________ may be present in a patient with acute pancreatitis.

Answer 55

bed; pararenal; morisons, duodenum

Question 56

The most frequent parpancreatic neoplasm is _______________.

Answer 56

lymphoma

Question 57

List the clinical findings in a patient with carcinoma of the pancreas.

Answer 57

Weightloss, painless jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and changes in stool

Question 58

The most common primary neoplasm of the pancreas is _____________________.

Answer 58

adenocarcinoma

Question 59

A pseduocyst develops when pancreatic _______________ escape from the gland and break down tissue to form a sterile abscess somewhere in the abdomen.

Answer 59

enzymes