Chapter 12 part 1

Question 1

the nervous system does what?

Answer 1

detects environmental changes and works in tandem with the endocrine system to respond to stimulus

Question 2

CNS is

Answer 2

the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

PNS is

Answer 3

all nervous tissue outside of the CNS, including nerves, ganglia enteric plexuses and sensory receptors

Question 4

what are the three primary brain vesicles called

Answer 4

forebrain(prosencephalon), midbrain(mesencephalon), hindbrain(rhombencephalon)

Question 5

what two vesicles divide further and what is the process called

Answer 5

the forebrain and hindbrain in a process called encephalization

Question 6

what are the further vesicle divisions named

Answer 6

telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon.

Question 7

what do the vesicles become in the adult brain

Answer 7

T: cerebrum D: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus MES: midbrain MET: pons, cerebellum MYE: medulla oblongata

Question 8

what is the PNS further divided into subdivisions, what are they

Answer 8

Somatic nervous system SNS, Autonomic nervous system ANS, Enteric nervous system ENS

Question 9

what does the SNS innervate

Answer 9

the skeletal muscles

Question 10

what does the ANS innervate

Answer 10

smooth muscle, cardiac and glands

Question 11

what does the ENS innervate

Answer 11

the digestive organs

Question 12

what is the difference between afferent and efferent pathways

Answer 12

afferent carries information or action potentials to the CNS from the PNS and efferent carries the response from the CNS to the PNS

Question 13

the ANS has two subdivisions what are they

Answer 13

Fight or Flight: sympathetic

Rest and digest: parasympathetic

Question 14

name the components of a neuron cell

Answer 14

cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier, Axon terminals synapse bulbs

Question 15

a Nerve is

Answer 15

a bundle of 100’s of myelinated axons plus associated connective tissue & blood vessels. lies outside of the CNS

Question 16

Ganglia are

Answer 16

small masses of nervous tissue mainly neuron cell bodies outside of CNS

Question 17

a sensory receptor is

Answer 17

a structure that monitors changes in the external or internal environment

Question 18

a Tract is

Answer 18

bundles of 100’s of myelinated axons + associated connective tissue & blood vessles located within the CNS

Question 19

Nuclei are

Answer 19

small masses of nervous tissue mainly neuron cell bodies located within the CNS

Question 20

how many pairs of nerves do we have

Answer 20

12 cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 21

what are same characteristics of the Dorsal root

Answer 21

sensory/ afferent. unipolar

Question 22

what are some characteristics of the ventral root

Answer 22

motor/ efferent. multipolar

Question 23

what is the purpose of sensory functions

Answer 23

detect stimuli, internal or external

Question 24

what is the purpose of the integrative function

Answer 24

processes sensory information, analyzing and responding

Question 25

what is the purpose of Motor functions

Answer 25

elicit an appropriate motor response/ movements

Question 26

what are interneurons

Answer 26

located within the CNS between sensory and motor neurons. interneurons integrate information

Question 27

myelination

Answer 27

the process of forming a myelin sheath that insulates and increases nerve impulse speed

Question 28

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 28

gaps in the myelin sheath.