Chapter 13 & 14 Flashcards
(17 cards)
what are the three membrane layers of nerves
Endoneurium: the innermost layer; mesh of collagen fibers, fibroblasts and macrophages
Perineurium: middle layer; 15 layers of fibroblasts within a network of collagen
Epineurium: outermost layer; consists of fibroblasts and thick collagen fibers
spinal nerves exit the spine either above or below the corresponding vertebrae what is the divisions
C1-C7 = Above C7-T1 = Spinal nerve C8 T1-L5 = Below
the posterior (dorsal) roots and anterior (ventral) roots both contain different types of nerves that eventually combine to create the Rami. What are they
Dorsal = sensory Ventral = motor
which root, the dorsal or ventral, contains a ganglion
dorsal root
once nerves exit the CNS and become the PNS they almost immediately divide into3 major branches what are they
Anterior Ramus
Dorsal Ramus
Rami communicantes
also Meningeal branch
the Anterior rami may travel alone but others join together. what is that structure called
a plexus of nerves
there are several plexus’s along the PNS what are they
Cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus, coccygeal plexus
nerves T2-T12 do not enter into plexus’s, they are know as?
intercostal, or thoracic nerves
The Cervical plexus is made up of what nerves and what is one important nerve that arises from it
C1-C5, phrenic nerve
what nerves make up the Brachial plexus and what are the five major nerves that arise from it?
C5-T1, musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar
what are the nerves that make up the lumbar plexus and what are the two important nerves that arise from it
L1 - L4, Femoral and obturator nerves
what makes up the sacral plexus and what is the important nerve that arises from it
L4-S4, the sciatic nerve
the Coccygeal plexus is the smallest plexus what are its nerves and what is the nerve that arises from it
S4 - Co1, Anococcygeal nerve
what is a dermatome
the predictable area of skin supplied by a single segment of sensory spinal nerves
most of the skin on the face and scalp are supplied by a single nerve which one is it
Trigeminal nerve CN V
the cranial nerves are divided into three categories of nerves: Sensory, Motor, and Mixed. which nerve belongs in which category
Sensory: CN I (olfactory) CN II (Optic) CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
Motor: CN III (oculomotor) CN IV (Trochlear) CN VI (Abducens) CN XI (Accessory) XII (Hypoglossal)
Mixed: CN V (Trigeminal) CN VII (Facial) CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) CN X (Vagus)
Motor neurons are classified into 3 broad categories. what are they and what do they innervate?
Somatic motor neurons: skeletal muscles
Special visceral motor neurons: Branchial (neck) muscles
Visceral motor neurons: indirectly innervate; Cardiac and visceral smooth muscle
