Chapter 12 Test Review- The Brain

Question 1

Major divisions of the brain

Answer 1

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain stem
Cerebellum

Question 2

Gray matter

Answer 2

Unmyelinated axons

Outer cover of cerebrum forming the cerebral cortex

Question 3

White matter

Answer 3

Myelinated axons

Located under the gray matter, forms tracts

Question 4

Basal nuclei

Answer 4

Gray matter burrows deep to white matter of central hemispheres on either side of diencephalon

Inhibits involuntary movements and initiates voluntary movements

Disorders result in Parkinson’s disease

Question 5

Gyri

Answer 5

Elevated ridges of brain tissue

Question 6

Sulci

Answer 6

Shallow grooves

Question 7

Fissures

Answer 7

Deep grooves

Question 8

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 8

Deep groove separating the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 9

5 lobes of the brain

Answer 9

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

Question 10

Frontal lobe

Answer 10

Contains prefrontal cortex and premotor cortex and primary motor cortex

Responsible for higher mental function and motor function

Question 11

Parietal lobe

Answer 11

Primary (post-central gyrus) and association somatosensory cortices.

Receives somatic sensory information from touch, pressure, temperature, vibration etc. and monitors and interprets it (general senses)

Question 12

Occipital lobe

Answer 12

Contains primary and association visual cortex

Receives visual information, monitors and interprets the results

Question 13

Temporal lobe

Answer 13

Primary and association auditory and olfactory vortices

Receives, monitors and interprets information

Question 14

Insula

Answer 14

Contains primary and association gustatory cortices

Receiving and interpreting gustatory information

Responsible for taste and other special senses

Question 15

Pre-central gyrus

Answer 15

Motor area

Anterior to the central sulcus

Controls voluntary movements

Question 16

Post-central gyrus

Answer 16

Posterior to central sulcus

Main sensory receptive area for touch

Lateral parietal lobe

Question 17

Association areas

Answer 17

Integration and processing of sensory data

Processing and initiation of motor activities

Question 18

Central sulcus

Answer 18

Separates frontal and parietal lobes and the pre and post-central gyri

Question 19

Commissures (commissural fibers)

Answer 19

Axons that connect the two hemispheres of the brain (corpus callosum)

Question 20

Association fibers

Answer 20

Connect regions within the same hemisphere of the brain

Question 21

Projection fibers

Answer 21

Connect each region to other parts of the brain or spinal cord

Question 22

Subdivisions of diencephalon

Answer 22

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

Question 23

Epithalamus

Answer 23

Pineal gland, choroid plexus

Produces cerebral spinal fluid

Question 24

Thalamus

Answer 24

Relays all sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Basal nuclei and cerebellum

Mediates sensations

Surrounds the third ventricle

Question 25

Hypothalamus

Answer 25

Controls major endocrine functions and autonomic functions

Question 26

Subthalamus

Answer 26

Two endocrine glands: Pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Question 27

Brain stem subdivisions

Answer 27

Pons Mesencephalon Medulla oblongata

Question 28

Pons

Answer 28

Contains motor tracts Communication between the cerebral cortex and spinal cord

Question 29

Mesencephalon

Answer 29

Involved in body movement and auditory and visual reflexes

Question 30

Medulla oblongata

Answer 30

Motor outputs and sensory inputs

Question 31

Cerebellum connection to brain stem

Answer 31

Connected by 3 peduncles: Superior Middle Inferior

Question 32

Brain stem relation to the ANS

Answer 32

The medulla oblongata controls autonomic functions and connects higher levels of brain to the spinal cord Also regulates basic function of the ANS: respiration, cardiac center Reticular formation forms much of core of brain stem-responsible for sleep/wake cycle

Question 33

Location and function of reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 33

Formation of neuronal cell bodies that form a mesh work in the central core of brain stem Responsible for the sleep/wake cycle, mediating levels of alertness

Question 34

Structure and function of cerebellum

Answer 34

Cerebellum cortex Folia Arbor vitae Vermis Peduncles

Question 35

Major function of cerebellum

Answer 35

Coordinates ongoing voluntary body movements and reduces motor error

Question 36

3 meninges surrounding the brain and the spaces between them

Answer 36

``` Dura mater (Subdural space) Arachnoid Mater (Subarachnoid space) Pia mater ```

Question 37

Ventricles of the brain

Answer 37

Lateral ventricles separated by septum pellucidum Third and fourth ventricles All filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 38

Site of cerebrospinal fluid production, drainage and circulation

Answer 38

CSF produces in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles Is drained into the venous circulation Flows from lateral ventricles into third ventricle through the interventricular foramen Third and fourth ventricles connected by the cerebral aqueduct