Chapter 15 Test Review Flashcards by Faye Sitron

Types of general senses

Touch, pain, temperature, vibration and tension on skin and internal organs

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Types of special senses

Vision, hearing, smell, taste

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Olfactory receptors

Smell receptors/chemoreceptors

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Location of olfactory receptors

Roof of nasal cavity

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What are odorants

Volatile substances give off odor molecules that can be picked up by olfactory receptors

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Location and components of olfactory epithelium

Roof of nasal cavity

Composed of nasal cells, supporting cells and olfactory receptors

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What kind of neurons are olfactory neurons

Modified bipolar neurons

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What is olfactory cilia

Hairlike receptors that respond to chemical stimuli

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Do olfactory pathways synapse in the thalamus?

Only sensory pathway that does NOT synapse in the thalamus

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Location of olfactory cortex

Temporal lobe

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Location and types of lingual papillae

Located on the tongue

Fungiform, circumvallate, filliform

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Location of tastebuds

Located IN lingual papillae

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Gustatory receptors

Taste receptors

Taste buds

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What stimulates gustatory receptors

Nerve impulses when in contact with salty, sweet, bitter, sour and umami flavors

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What are gustatory microvilli

Projections from the taste pores

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Five classes of taste sensations

Salty
Sweet
Sour
Bitter
Umami

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What kind of neuron is the first order neuron in the gustatory pathway

Unipolar sensory neurons

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Do gustatory pathways synapse in the thalamus?

Yes

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Location of gustatory cortex

Insula

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Accessory structures of the eye

Eyebrows
Eyelashes
Eyelids (palpebrae)
Conjunctiva
Lacrimal apparatus
Extrinsic eye muscles

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Location of conjunctiva

Thin transparent membrane covering the visible part of the sclera (whites)

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Components and function of lacrimal apparatus

Lacrimal gland
Lacrimal sac
Excretory ducts
Lacrimal punctum
Lacrimal canal

Produces, distributes and removes tears

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Function and type of eye muscles

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Superior and inferior rectus, lateral and medial rectus, superior and inferior oblique

Move eyes up and down, back and forth and around

Lens

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Focuses light rays for near and far vision

Anterior cavity of eye

Smaller, contains aqueous humor Bathes and nourishes the lens

Posterior cavity of the eye

Larger, contains vitreous humor Helps keep the retina in place and for the eye to keep its spherical shape

Types of tunics forming the wall of the eye

Fibrous Vascular Sensory

Components of the fibrous tunic

Sclera and cornea

Components of vascular tunic

Choroid, ciliary body, iris

Components of sensory tunic

Retina

Cells of the retina

Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Function of cones

Color vision (day)

Function of rods

Black and white vision (night)

How is the optic nerve formed

Retinal ganglion, cell axons and glial cells beginning at the optic disc

Definition of macula lutea

Spot at the center of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision

Fovea centralis

Small central pit in the macula lutea composed of closely packed cones

Optic disc/blind spot

Point of exit for ganglion cell axons which create the optic nerve No cones or rods make this a blind spot

Steps of visual pathway

- light enters cornea - refracted through the aqueous humor and then the lens - through vitreous humor onto the retina - action potentials generates to bipolar cells and ganglion cells then axons of ganglion cells and into optic nerve

Function of the optic chiasm

X-shaped space that serves to produce three dimensional vision

Location of the visual cortex

Occipital lobe

Components of the external ear

Auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane

Function of the tympanic membrane

Separates the outer and middle ear and receives sound vibrations from outer air and transmits then to auditory ossicles

Function of ossicles

Transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear cochlea

Order of joining ossicles

The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane Incus attaches between the malleus and the stapes Stapes attaches to the oval (vestibular) window

Function of auditory/Eustachian tube

Regulates air pressure and drains accumulated secretions/debris

Fluids in bony labyrinth

Perilymph

Fluids in membranous labyrinth

Endolymph

How many semi circular canals

Vestibule

Mass at center of semicircular canals

Vestibular complex

Location of receptors for balance and equilibrium

Spiral organ/organ of corti in cochlea

Location of hearing/auditory receptors

Sequence of events involved in hearing

- sound waves arrive at tympanic membrane - vibrations move the auditory ossicles, movement of stapes at oval window establishes pressure waves - waves distort the basilar membrane on their way to the round window - vibration of basilar membrane causes vibration of hair cells - information about intensity and region of stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochleae nerve

Fungiform papillae

Numerous but only 5 taste buds in each

Circumvallate papillae

Fewest in number but each contains about 100 taste buds

Filiform papillae

Most numerous but do not contain any tastebuds

Chapter 15 Test Review Flashcards

(55 cards)