Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A & P I > Chapter 4 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Test Review Flashcards

(53 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

4 primary types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Produces glandular secretions
Covers exposed surfaces
Lines internal passageways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Fills internal spaces
Provides structural support
Stores energy
Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contracts to produce movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Propagates electrical impulses

Carries information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A

Composed of the substances surrounding the cells in a tissue

Composed of ground substance and protein fibers

Functions include providing strength, directing cells within a tissue, regulating development and holding cells in position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ground substance

A

Contains ECF- proteins and carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protein fibers

A

Embedded in ground substance

Provide tensile strength

Collagen, elastic, reticular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of cell junctions

A

Tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tight junctions

A

Help to make spaces between cells impermeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Desmosomes

A

Increase the resistance of the tissues to mechanical stress

Some materials may pass between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gap junctions

A

Allow small substances to move from one cell to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Locations of epithelia

A

Found on every internal and external body surface and act as a barrier btw the body and the external environment and btw the organs and fluid filled cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functions of epithelia

A

Protection, immune defense, secretion, transport into other tissues, sensation

Covers exposed surfaces, lines internal passageways, forms glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A

Cellularity: closely packed cells

Polarity & attachment: 2 surfaces- apical (top), basolateral (attach to underlying connective tissue)

Avascular- lack of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classification of epithelia

A 
# of cell layers
Cell shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Simple squamous epithelia

A

One cell layer- lining epithelium. Allows substances to pass through

Lungs and serous/mucous membranes, blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

Relatively thin, substances diffuse quickly across it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Simple columnar

A

Lining epithelium- digestive tract, airways, Fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Protection

Covering epithelium- skin on body openings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Release their secretions to the surface of the epithelium- usually the exterior of the body

Products released by exocytosis or by shed and ruptured epithelial cells

Merocrine/Holocrine secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Unicellular glands

Study These Flashcards
A

Simplest exocrine glands

Goblet cells- most common unicellular gland found in lining of digestive and respiratory tracts

23
Q

Multicellular glands

Study These Flashcards
A

Clusters of secretory cells arranged in different ways

Classified according to the structure of their ducts and the shape of their secretory cell clusters

24
Q

Merocrine secretion

Study These Flashcards
A

Excretion through salivary and sweat glands- products released by exocytosis

25
Holocrine secretion
Shed and ruptured epithelial cells release products (sebaceous glands)
26
Endocrine glands
Lack ducts and secrete their products directly into the blood. Facilitate communication between cells in distant areas of the body
27
Major types of connective tissue
Connective tissue proper Specialized connective tissue
28
Connective tissue proper
Connects tissues and organs to one another Cells plus large amounts of ECM: fibroblasts, adipocytes, mast cells, immune cells Loose tissue Dense tissue Reticular tissue Adipose tissue
29
Specialized connective tissue
Usually contains large amounts of ECM Cartilages Bone Blood
30
Functions of connective tissue
Connect, support and protect tissues/organs Protect and insulate the body Store energy Transport substances within the body
31
Components of connective tissue
ECM cells
32
Fibroblasts
Most common cell on tissues Produce protein fibers and ground substance- stay close to collagen fibers
33
Adipocytes
Fat cells
34
Mast cells
Largest resident cell in connective tissue Cause an inflammation response when activated- recruit immune cells to the tissue
35
Phagocytes
Cells of immune system that can invest foreign substances, microorganisms and dead and damaged cells
36
Cartilages
Specialized tissue Found in joints and in between bones around a the ear, nose and respiratory passages Tough but flexible
37
Bone tissue
Specialized tissue Supports our body, protects vital organs, provides a place for attachment of muscles
38
Blood tissue
Specialized tissue Erythrocytes bond and transport oxygen throughout the body Leukocytes function in immunity
39
Types of muscle tissue
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth
40
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary Only found in the heart
41
Skeletal muscle
Generally voluntary Found mostly attached to the skeleton- it’s contraction produces body movement
42
Smooth muscle tissue
Involuntary Found in the walls of nearly every hollow organ as well as walls of blood vessels, the eyes, skin and ducts of certain glands
43
Nervous tissue
Creates and carries information for one part of the body to another Makes up majority of brain, spinal cord and nerves
44
Neurons
Generate, conduct and receive info in the form of electrical impulses/action potential called nerve impulses
45
Neuroglia
Supporting cells- repair and supply nutrients to neurons
46
4 types of membranes and their location
Serous membrane Synovial membrane Mucous membrane Cutaneous membrane
47
Serous membrane
Line the pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities Composed of the mesothelium, it’s basement membrane and loose connective tissue
48
Synovial membrane
Line cavities surrounding freely moveable joints Made up of two connective tissue layers
49
Mucous membranes
Line all body passages as part of the walls of hollow organs that open to the outside of the body
50
Cutaneous membranes
Skin Outer layer of keratinozed stratified squamous epithelium Protect underlying tissues- hard and continuous surface
51
Two types of tissue repair
Regeneration Fibrosis
52
Regeneration
Damaged or dead cells are replaced with cells of the same type and function is restored Epithelial Connective tissue Smooth muscle Wound healing
53
Fibrosis
Damaged cells are replaced with collagen fibers Scar tissue is formed: tissue does not regain its ability to function normally Skeletal muscle Nervous tissue

A & P I (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions