Chapter 1.2 (The Respiratory System) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 1.2 (The Respiratory System) Deck (18)
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1
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The exchange of air into and out of the lungs

2
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Gaseous exchange between the lungs and blood

3
Q

What is internal respiration?

A

Exchange of gases between the blood in the capillaries and the body cells

4
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Metabolic reactions and processes that occur in a cell to obtain energy

5
Q

What is the order for the passage of air?

A
NLTBBA
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
6
Q

Define Diffusion

A

The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration or partial pressure to an area of low concentration or partial pressure

7
Q

Define Gaseous Exchange

A

The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air

8
Q

Define Tidal Volume

A

Volume of air breathed in or out per breath

9
Q

Define IRV

A

Inspiratory reserve volume - Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

10
Q

Define ERV

A

Expiratory reserve volume - Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

11
Q

Define Residual Volume

A

The amount def air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

12
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

Number of breaths (per min) x tidal volume = minute ventilation
12 x 0.5 = 6 litres/min

13
Q

What is a Spirometer?

A

A device used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs

14
Q

Define Partial Pressure

A

The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases

15
Q

Order for neural control of inspiration

A

Receptors > Medulla > Phrenic Nerve > Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

16
Q

Order for neural control of expiration

A

Receptors > Medulla > Intercostal Nerve > Abdominals and internal intercostals

17
Q

What are Cilia?

A

Microscopic hair-like projections that help to sweep away fluids and particles

18
Q

What are the effects of smoking?

A
  • Irritation of the trachea and bronchi
  • Swelling and narrowing of the lungs airways
  • Damages the cilia
  • Damage to alveoli, resulting in reduced gaseous exchange