Chapter 1.3 (The Neuromuscular System) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 1.3 (The Neuromuscular System) Deck (17)
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1
Q

Define Aerobic

A

Literally means ‘with oxygen’ so refers to low to medium intensity exercise where the demand for oxygen can be met

2
Q

Define Anaerobic

A

Means ‘without oxygen’ and refers to exercise at high intensity such as sprinting, where the demand for oxygen is so high it cannot be met

3
Q

What are the 3 muscle fibre types?

A
  • Slow oxidative (type I) (also known as slow twitch)
  • Fast oxidative glycolytic (type IIa)
    Fast glycolytic (type IIb)
4
Q

What are the characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres?

A
  • Slower contraction speed
  • Better adapted to lower intensity exercise
  • Produce most of their energy aerobically
5
Q

What are the characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibres?

A
  • Faster contraction speed
  • Generate a greater force of contraction
  • Used for short, intense bursts of energy
  • Produce most of their energy anaerobically
6
Q

Define Hypertrophy

A

Where the muscle has become bigger and stronger

7
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

A

A motor neurone and its muscle fibres

8
Q

What are motor neurones?

A

Nerve cells which transmit the brains instructions as electrical impulses to the muscles

9
Q

What are neuromuscular junctions?

A

Where the motor neurone and the muscle fibre meet

10
Q

Define the All or None law

A

Where a sequence of impulses has to be of sufficient intensity to stimulate all of the muscle fibres in a motor unit in order for them to contract. If not, none of them contract

11
Q

Define Wave Summation

A

Where there is a repeated nerve impulse with no time to relax so a smooth, sustained contraction occurs, rather than twitches

12
Q

Define Tetanic Contraction

A

A sustained muscle contraction caused by a series of fast repeated stimuli

13
Q

Define Spatial Summation

A

When the strength of a contraction changes by altering the number and size of the muscles motor units

14
Q

What are muscle spindles?

A

These detect how far and how fast and muscle is being stretched and produce the stretch reflex

15
Q

What are Golgi tendon organs?

A

These are activated when there is tension in a muscle

16
Q

Define Isometric contraction

A

Where there is tension in a muscle but no visible movement

17
Q

Define Autogenic inhibition and the receptor involved

A

Where there is a sudden relaxation of the muscle in response to high tension. The receptors involved are Goldi tendon organs