Chapter 12 vocab

Question 1

the force or resistance against which the heart pumps

Answer 1

afterload

Question 2

severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Answer 2

anaphylactic shock

Question 3

an extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure

Answer 3

anaphylaxis

Question 4

a swelling or enlargement of a part of the artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial walls

Answer 4

aneurysm

Question 5

the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food

Answer 5

autonomic nervous system

Question 6

compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output

Answer 6

cardiac tamponade

Question 7

a state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. it can be severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions

Answer 7

cardiogenic shock

Question 8

the early stage of shock, in which the body can still _________ for blood loss

Answer 8

compensated shock

Question 9

a blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood

Answer 9

cyanosis

Question 10

the late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

Answer 10

decompensated shock

Question 11

loss of water from the tissues of the body

Answer 11

dehydration

Question 12

a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both

Answer 12

distributive shock

Question 13

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in the body tissues, causing swelling of the affected ara

Answer 13

edema

Question 14

a balance of all systems of the body

Answer 14

hemeostasis

Question 15

a condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35 degrees C)

Answer 15

hypothermia

Question 16

shock caused by fluid or blood loss

Answer 16

hypovolemic shock

Question 17

the ability of the heart muscle to contract

Answer 17

myocardial contractility

Question 18

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

Answer 18

neurogenic shock

Question 19

shock that occurs when thee is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues

Answer 19

obstructive shock

Question 20

the flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

Answer 20

perfusion

Question 21

a collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

Answer 21

pericardial effusion

Question 22

the precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of the blood builds up

Answer 22

preload

Question 23

shock caused by a sudden temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope)

Answer 23

psychogenic shock

Question 24

a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

Answer 24

pulmonary embolism

Question 25

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure

Answer 25

pulse pressure

Question 26

developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction

Answer 26

sensitization

Question 27

shock caused by a severe infection usually a bacterial infection

Answer 27

septic shock

Question 28

a condtion in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion

Answer 28

shock

Question 29

circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening

Answer 29

sphincters

Question 30

a fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

Answer 30

syncope