Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

(75 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

septic

A

with growth`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

aseptic

A

absence of significant contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fomites

A

inanimate objects that can spread disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

disinfectant

A

chemical/physical methods to reduce organism growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

to kill fomites..

A

use disinfectant, sanitization, or sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

antiseptics

A

do the same as disinfectants but on living tissue (skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sanitization

A

used with eating utensils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

degerming

A

physical/mechanical removal of microbes (handwashing)

on living tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sterilization

A

killing all microbial growth (aseptic lab techniques)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

commercial sterilization

A

does not sterilize

kills c.diff in canned foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thermal death point

A

the temp that will kill all microbes in a sample in 10 mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thermal death time

A

how long it takes to kill all microbes at a given temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is dry heat or moist heat more effective?

A

moist heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

moist heat

A

used for cooking, not for lab

will not kill endospores (c.diff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dry heat

A

takes longer

170 degrees C for 2 hours

ovens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

incineration

A

destroys by oxidizing (flaming wire loop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

autoclave is using…

A

moist heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does an autoclave work to kill microbes

A

uses pressurized steam to kill microbes and their ENDOSPORES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

autoclave temp

A

121 C for 15 mins @ 15 lbs psi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is steam effective towards microbes

A

it must come into direct contact in order to kill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does pasteurization do?

A

kills pathogens

reduces food spoilage organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the exception with autoclaves

A

prions, they cause mad cow disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

pasteurization

A

prevents spoilage

does not sterilize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

with pasteurization, the temp goes ______, the time goes _______

A

up, down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
what are the different types of pasteurization?
stove top past. HTST past (high temp short time) UHT past (ultra high temp)
21
HEPA filtration is used on...
air (0.3 picometer pore size)
22
membrane filtration is used on...
liquids and heat-sensitive organisms
23
filtration is important for
vaccines
24
Refrigeration
bacteriostatic --> keeps microbes from growing and inhibits metabolism
24
freezing inhibits...
some microbes and kills others
25
pascalization
high pressure to control microbes preserves food takes 100-800MPa
26
desiccation
drying, sucks water out, slowing metabolism not sterile
27
canned goods use a process called
plasmolysis
27
hypertonic environment is used for what...
honey and jam
28
plasmolysis
is the loss of water that occurs when a bacterial cell is put in a hypotonic environment
29
lyophilization
freeze drying
30
Ionizing vs non-ionizing radiation
ionizing: more powerful non-ionizing: only useful on surfaces
31
ionizing radiation
x-rays and gamma rays damages double helix DNA penetrates surfaces
32
radura
put on foods that have been "electronically pasteurized"
33
non-ionizing radiation
UV light causes thymine dimers only useful on surfaces
34
kirby bauer antibiotic testing method
cover whole plate with bacteria and look for clear zones where it should tell you whether an organism is sensitive or resistant to an antibiotic
35
how do phenolics and bisphenols kill microbes
by denaturing proteins and disrupting membranes
36
phenolics replaced phenol because...
1) more effective 2) less toxic 3) less irritating 4) more stable 5) persist on surfaces
37
o-phenylphenol
phenolic active ingredient in lysol
38
what works in the presence of organic materials? (blood, puke, etc)
o-phenylphenol
38
triclosan is...
a bisphenol
39
triclosan is ____ of liquid hand soap and _____ of bar soap
75%, 30%
40
what does triclosan harm?
immune function endocrine function reproductive health
41
how does chlorhexidine kill microbes
disrupts cell membranes
41
example of triclosan resistant organisms
salmonella enterica
42
chlorhexidine is a key...
bisbiguanide
43
chlorhexidine is used as...
1) surgical hand scrub 2) surgery prep soap 3) oral rinse
43
what is faster acting than chlorhexidine
alexidine
44
how do alcohols kill microbes
denatures proteins and disrupts plasma membrane
45
what is the most effective alcohol concentration?
70%
46
surfactants
in soaps and detergent
47
soap
don't kill microbes, they physically remove them (degerming)
48
QUATS are more common in...
healthcare
49
toxic forms of oxygen
free radicals (reactive oxygen species)
50
How do peroxygens work for microbial control?
they oxidize and create free radicals
50
peracetic acid (PAA)
more effective than hydrogen peroxide at killing endospores
51
benzoyl peroxide
used in acne meds to kill propionibacterium acnes
51
hydrogen peroxide is used as...
a disinfectant, antiseptic, or gas
52
carbamide peroxide
used in toothpaste to inhibit strep and disrupt biofilms
53
ozone (O3)
used in water treatment
54
How do alkylating agents work?
inactivates enzymes and nucleic acid
55
formalin is..
37% formaldehyde
55
chloramines are useful because...
they release chlorine over longer periods of time more stable
56
how do halogens work with microbial control
they oxidize and destabilizes cellular macromolecules
57
chlorine forms _______________ in water
hypochlorous acid
58
oligodynamic action
the ability of small amounts of a heavy metal compound to exert antimicrobial activity
58
supercritical fluids
have properties of liquids and gases
59
plasma is a good way to sterilize....
tubular instruments
59
how do supercritical fluids work?
they penetrate cells, form carbonic acid, and lowers intracellular pH
60
plasma is the _____________
4th state of matter

Microbiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions