Chapter 13 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Team
a collection of individuals who exist to achieve a shared goal; are interdependent with respect to achieving that goal; whose membership is bounded and stable over time; and who operate within a system.
Group
two or more people, in face-to-face interaction, each aware of their group membership and interdependence as they strive to achieve common group goals.
Advice team:
a team created by the management to provide the latter with information for its own decision making
Quality circle:
shop floor emplyees from the same department who meet for a few hours a week to discuss ways of improving their work environment. Quality circules are now a part of TQM and JIT
Total quality management:
a philosophy of management that is driven by customers needs and expectations and which is committed to countinous improvement.
Just-in-time system:
managing inventory (stock) in which items are delivered when they are needed in the production process instead of being stored by the manufacture
Action team:
a team that executes briefed performance that are repeated under new conditions, Its members are technically specialized, and need to coordinate their individual contributions with each other.
Project team:
a collection of employees from different work areas in an organization bought together to accomplish a specific task within an finite time
- Creativity problem solving is required involving the application of different types of specialized knowledge
- There is a need to closely co-ordinate the work on a specific project e.g. design and development or the production and testing of a new product.
Cross-functional team:
employees from different functional departments who meet as a team to complete a particular task
Production team:
a stable number of indviduals who share production goals and who preform specific roles which are supported by a set of activities and sanctions.
- Requiring high level of monitoring skills and co ordination
- Low level of technical skills
- Management interest in production teams has been to improve employee motivation and performance
High performance work systems:
a from of organization who operates at levels of excellence far beyond those of comparable systems
Empowerment
organizational arrangements that give employees more autonomy, discretion and decision-making responsibility
Japanese teamworking:
use of scientific management principles of minimum manning, multi-tasking, multi-machine operation, pre-defined work operations, repetitive short cycle work, powerful first line supervisors, and a conventional managerial hierarchy.
Self-managing team
a group of individuals with diverse skills and knowledge with the collective autonomy and responsibility to plan, and execute tasks interdependently to attain a common goal
Team autonomy
the extent to which a team experience freedom, independence and discretion in decisions relating to the performance of its task.
- Team task areas, levels of team input and team autonomy levels
- Team leader selection
- Acceptance of a new member into the team
- Distribution of work
- Time flexibility
- Acceptance of additional work
- Representation outside the team
- Production methods (choice of)
- Production goals (output determination)
- Production goas (quality determination)
Team input levels
1. None- no team participation and total management control
2. Some – the team has some input into decisions concerned with its immated working environment
3. Joint- a situation of co-decision making in which a team shares decision making power with management and plays an equal role in tha taking and implementing of decisions
4. Autonomy- the team is fully trusted by the management and truly autonomous. It reaches its decisions with no input from management whatsoever. Management accept the team as a fully equal member.
External work team differentiation:
the degree to which a work team stands out from its organizational context in terms of its participants, territory and temporal scope.
- Team participants: the identity of the individuals treated as participant by both the team and the organization is crucial.
- Team territory: a work team has to have its own turf to establish its identity and manage its external relations
- Temporal scope: the longer a work team exist and the more its members spend co-operating, the grater will be its temporal scope and differentiation as a distinct team.
- Team task: the task given to the team may be additive (accomplishment depends on the sum of its members work), conjunctive (depends on the performance of the least talented member) disjunctive (depends on the performance of the most talented member)
Internal work team differentiation:
the degree to which a teams members possess different skills and knowledge that contributes towards the achievement of the teams objective
- Refers to the degree to which team members possess different skills and knowledge (having special knowledge)
External work team integration:
the degree to which a work team is linked with larger organization of which it is a part
Team performance:
a measure of how well a team achieve its task and the needs of management, customer or shareholders. – externally focused and concerns meeting needs and expectations of outsiders such as customers.
Team viability:
a measure of how well a team meets the need and expectations of its members – internally focused and concerns the team viability to preform effectively in the future
Teamwork engagement:
a shared belief in the motivational potential of the teamwork environment, characterized by vigor, dedication and absorption, which enables team members to experience a state of work related well being
- At an individual level:
o Personal commitment- induviduals urge to participate and to make personal contribution to the team not only through their own work, but also to the teams process
o Personal respect – individual team members experiences of being valued and trusted in their team, feeling comfortable with each other, and being assured of the support of their colleagues creates a feeling of psychological safety
o Personal drive- refers to an induviduals own motivation which can not only be a call to action but also stimulates the team as a whole and signals team members willingness to go the extra mile
- The critical shared attributes
o Shared ability to overcome challenges
o Shared sense of accomplishment
o Shared sense of community
o Shared drive
o Shared focus
Teams are used to respond to increasing performance pressure in highly competitive environments:
- To create collective focus
- To integrate the work of people with different perspectives and competncis
- To generate innovative isolutions
- To generate high involvement
- To save time and cost
The five dysfunction of a team
- The absence of trust
- The fear of conflict
- The lack of commitment
- The avoidance of accountability
- The inatention to results
A high performance team:
- Accomplish objectives efficiently – sets high performance standards
- Contributes to the effectiveness of the larger system e.g., organization, society
- Learns and continuously improve its performance through time
- Builds team-member commitment- and hold itself accountable for result