Chapter 13 Flashcards
(29 cards)
cellulose:
A structural polysaccharide that forms the cell walls of plants.
chloroplasts:
Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll.
chlorophyll:
A green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
seed cone vs. pollen cone:
Seed cones are female reproductive structures in gymnosperms that produce seeds; pollen cones are male reproductive structures that produce pollen grains.
deciduous:
Refers to trees that shed their leaves seasonally.
evergreen:
Refers to plants that retain their leaves throughout the year.
flower:
The reproductive structure of angiosperms, containing the reproductive organs.
-phyte, phyto-:
Prefixes relating to plants.
pollen (pollen grain):
Microscopic grains containing male reproductive cells of seed plants.
pollen tube:
A tube that grows from a pollen grain to an ovule, delivering sperm for fertilization.
pollination:
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma in flowering plants or from a pollen cone to a seed cone in gymnosperms
rhizoid
Root-like structures in non-vascular plants that anchor the plant.
spores of fern:
Haploid reproductive cells of ferns that develop into gametophytes.
vascular:
Refers to plant tissues that transport water and nutrients (xylem and phloem).
plant tissue
Groups of cells in plants that perform specific functions (e.g., xylem, phloem, parenchyma).
cyanobacteria:
Photosynthetic prokaryotes that produce oxygen.
differentiate:
To become specialized in structure and function.
diffusion:
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
diploid:
Having two sets of chromosomes (2N).
fertilization:
The fusion of gametes to form a zygote.
fitness:
The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
genetically heritable:
Traits that can be passed from parents to offspring through genes.
gamete:
A haploid reproductive cell (sperm or egg).
haploid:
Having one set of chromosomes (1N).
