chapter 13 Flashcards
(19 cards)
Solubility
the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given volume of saturated solution
Saturated solution
Contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at a given temperature
Entropy
the measure of energy dispersal in a system
If a solution contains less than the maximum dissolvable amount it is
unsaturated
in a Supersaturated solution
a saturated solution is formed at a higher temperature where the solute has greater solubility
Henry’s Law
The solubility of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of gas over solution
Unsaturated solution
contains the maximum possible amount of dissolved solute
supersaturated solution
contains more solute than specified by the solubility
miscible
Two liquids that are soluble in each other
Increasing the temperature … the solubility of most solids in water
increases
Increasing the temperature … the solubility of most gases in water
decreases
Increasing the pressure … the solubility of gases in water
decreases, but it does not affect the solubility of solids
Colligative properties
Vapor-pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure
A volatile substance
is one that has a measurable vapor pressure
a nonvolatile substance
is one that does not have a measurable vapor pressure
Osmotic pressure
is the pressure required to prevent osmosis from occuring
Isotonic
Two solutions with the same osmotic pressure
Hypotonic
a solution with a lower osmotic pressure
Hypertonic
a solution with higher osmotic pressure
