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A&P > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

neural tissue in the brain

A

95% - 3 pounds

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2
Q

Mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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3
Q

rhombencephalon

A

hindbrain

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4
Q

prosencephalon

A

forebrain

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5
Q

major relay and processing center

A

diencephalon

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6
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebrum

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7
Q

metencephalon

A

cerebellum and pons

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8
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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9
Q

conscious thought, memory storage, sensory processing, skeletal muscle contraction regulation
largest part of the adult brain

A

cerebrum

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10
Q

expanded chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ventricles

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11
Q

Thick tract of white matter that connects the cerebral hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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12
Q

Separates the two lateral ventricles

A

Septum pellucidum

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13
Q

large collecting veins in the dural folds

A

Dural sinus

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14
Q

fold between the cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx cerebri

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15
Q

fold between the cerebral hemispheres between the tentorium cerebelli

A

Falx cerebell

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16
Q

production of CSF; each ventricle contains a choroid plexus area

A

Choroid plexus

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17
Q

extensions of the arachnoid membrane that push CSF into the venous system

A

Arachnoid granulations

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18
Q

all communication between the brain and spinal cord travels through
Center for coordination of autonomic reflexes and visceral functions

A

Medulla oblongata

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19
Q

relay information to the thalamus; regulate heart rate, blood flow, and respiration

A

Medulla oblongata structure:

Gray matter

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20
Q

link brain with spinal cord

A

medulla oblongata structure:

white matter

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21
Q

links the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

A

Pons

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22
Q

Works independently or with the cerebellum to direct complex motor patterns subconsciously; monitors nervous system activity

A

midbrain

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23
Q

integrate and relay visual and auditory information

A

Midbrain: Tectrum (gray matter)

Superior/ Inferior colliculi

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24
Q

subconscious control of upper limb/back position

A

Midbrain: walls and floor (gray)

Red nuclei

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25
regulates activity in basal nuclei
Midbrain: Walls and floor | Substantia nigra
26
process incoming sensations and outgoing motor commands automatically
Midbrain: Walls and floor | Reticular formations
27
cranial nerve sensory and motor nuclei
Midbrain: Walls and floor | Other nuclei/centers
28
connect motor cortex to motor neurons; carry information to thalamus
Midbrain: walls and floor | Cerebral peduncles
29
1. Adjusting postural muscles - Maintain balance and equilibrium 2. Programming/fine-tuning conscious and subconscious movements - Refines learned movement patterns to make movement smooth
functions of cerebellum
30
made of epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus
Diencephalon
31
Extensive choroid plexus Holds the pineal gland Secretes melatonin – regulates day/night cycles, reproduction functions
Diencephalon: | Epithalamus
32
Receives visual and auditory information Sends signals to midbrain and cerebrum Gatekeeper/filter of ascending sensory stimuli
Diencephalon: | Thalamus
33
receives visual info
Thalamus: | Lateral geniculate nucleus
34
receives auditory info
thalamus: | medial geniculate nucleus
35
Control and integrative centers | Licking, swallowing, body temperature regulation, pituitary gland control, emotions
Diencephalon: | Hypothalamus
36
Functional group of nuclei and tracts between the cerebrum and the diencephalon (= the motivational system) Establish emotional states Link the conscious/intellectual functions of the cerebrum to the unconscious/autonomic functions of the brain stem Help memory storage and retrieval
Limbic system
37
relays info from the mammillary body to the cingulate gyrus
anterior group of thalamic nuclei
38
Helps regulate heart rate, controls ‘flight or fight’ response, links emotions with certain memorie
Amygdaloid body
39
elongate nucleus important for learning storage and retrieval
hippocampus
40
tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus
Fornix
41
gray matter that help control skeletal muscle movement and coordination
Basal nuclei
42
Function of parietal lobe
Sensory cortex
43
functions of occipital lobe
visual cortex
44
functions of the frontal lobe
motor cortex
45
functions of temporal lobe
auditory cortex
46
places where complex processes are carried out that are restricted to the left or right hemispheres
Integrative centers
47
Separation of functions based on hemisphere
hemispheric lateralization
48
Language-based skills (Reading, writing, speaking) | Mathematics and logic
left hemisphere
49
Sensory information-Touch, smell, sight, taste, feel | Analyzing emotional contexts
right hemisphere
50
connects the cerebral hemispheres, the lobes of each hemisphere, and the cerebrum to the rest of the brain
white matter
51
connect neural cortex in the same hemisphere
Same hemisphere connections: | Association fibers
52
bundles of association fibers that connect the frontal lobe to the other lobes in the same hemisphere
Same hemisphere connections: | Longitudinal fasciculi
53
short: from gyrus to gyrus
Same hemisphere connectiosn: | Arcuate fibers
54
connect the cerebral hemispheres Corpus callosum Anterior commissure
Between hemisphere connections: | Commisural fibers
55
= connect the cerebral cortex to the rest of the brain
Between hemisphere connections: | Projection fibers
56
Sensory Cranial Nerves
Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Vestibulocochlear (VII)
57
Mixed Cranial Nerves
Trigeminal (V) Facial (VII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X)
58
Motor Cranial Nerves
``` Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV) Abducens (VI) Accessory (XI) Hypoglossal (XII) ```
59
temperature, pain, touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception
General sense
60
info carried by a sensory pathway
sensation
61
conscious awareness of a sensation
perception
62
pain Type A – fast pain Type C – slow pain
Nociceptors
63
Temperature
Thermoreceptors
64
water and liquid soluble substances
Chemoreceptors
65
plasma membrane distorting stimuli
mechanoreceptors
66
reduction in sensitivity in the presence of constant stimuli
Adaption
67
occurs in the PNS along the receptor pathways (e.g. quiet music)
Peripheral
68
occurs in the CNS along sensory pathways (e.g. smell)
Central
69
pain that is felt outside of the source area; stimulation of interneurons that are part of a different pathway
Referred pain
70
skeletal tone becomes rigid and stiff due to damage in the substantia nigra; difficult to control voluntary movement
Parkinson disease
71
virus attack to peripheral axons that travels to the CNS
Rabies
72
voluntary motor control difficult; improper development or damage to motor pathways
Cerebral palsy
73
atrophy of skeletal muscle caused by destruction of CNS neurons
ALS
74
loss of higher order cerebral functions; cellular abnormalities in brain region
Alzheimer disease
75
loss of speech, balance, motor control; demyelination of axons in the optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord
MS

A&P (9 decks)

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