Chapter 15

Question 1

Sense of smell

Direct communication with the CNS

Answer 1

Olfaction

Question 2

located in the nasal cavity on either side of the nasal septum

Answer 2

Olfactory organs

Question 3

Areolar tissue, blood vessels, nerves, olfactory glands

Answer 3

Lamina propria

Question 4

Provide base for cilia

Holds olfactory receptors (10-20 million/5 cm2)

Answer 4

Olfactory epithelium

Question 5

Sense of taste

Direct communication with the CNS

Answer 5

Gustation

Question 6

located on the surface of the tongue and adjacent parts of the pharynx and larynx

Answer 6

Taste receptors

Question 7

epithelial projections on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds (sour, bitter, salty, sweet)

Answer 7

Lingual papillae

Question 8

– pleasant tastes (beef/chicken broth, parmesan cheese)

Answer 8

Umami

Question 9

– concentrated in the pharynx; processed in the hypothalamus

Answer 9

Water Receptors

Question 10

Hearing

Can integrate and organize information before being sent to the CNS

Answer 10

Auditory

Question 11

auditory receptors located in the inner ear (mechanoreceptors sensitive to contact/movement)

Answer 11

Hair cells

Question 12

– passageway into middle/inner ear; contains ceruminous glands and hairs

Answer 12

External ear:

External acoustic meatus

Question 13

air-filled chamber separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Answer 13

Middle ear

Question 14

three tiny bones that connect the tympanic membrane to the inner ear

Answer 14

middle ear:

auditory ossicles

Question 15

connects the middle ear to the pharynx; equalizes pressure

Answer 15

middle ear:

auditory tube

Question 16

contains sensory organs for hearing and equilibrium

Answer 16

inner ear

Question 17

– dense bone that makes up the contours of the inner ear; contains perilymph

Answer 17

inner ear:

Bony labyrinth

Question 18

membranous layer inside the bony labyrinth that holds auditory receptors; contains endolymph

Answer 18

inner ear:

membranous labyrinth

Question 19

Malleus – attaches to the tympanic membrane
Incus – attaches the malleus to the stapes
Stapes – attaches the middle ear to the inner ear at the oval window

Answer 19

Auditory ossicles

Question 20

Tensor tympani – attaches at the temporal bone and the malleus; contraction stiffens the tympanic membrane and reduces the amount of vibration
Stapedius – attaches at the back of the middle ear and the stapes; contraction pulls the stapes and reduces movement at the oval window

Answer 20

middle ear

muscles

Question 21

3; receptors stimulated by the rotation of the head

Answer 21

Semicircular canals

Question 22

– provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration

Answer 22

utricle

Question 23

provide sensations of gravity and linear acceleration

Answer 23

saccule

Question 24

Integrates, organizes, and processes information before being sent to the CNS
Human eyes are the most complex sensory organ we have

Answer 24

vision

Question 25

protects eye; blinking lubricates and removes debris

Answer 25

eyelid

Question 26

prevent foreign objects from entering

Answer 26

eyelashes

Question 27

(epithelium that covers the eye) – mucous membrane with stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 27

Conjunctiva

Question 28

produces, distributes, and removes tears

Answer 28

Lacrimal apparatus

Question 29

outermost layer; cornea + sclera | Provides some protection, muscle attachment site, holds the cornea (lets light in)

Answer 29

fibrous tunic

Question 30

middle layer; iris + ciliary body + choroid Provide routes for blood and lymph supply, regulate light, secrete and reabsorb aqueous humor, control shape of the lens (focusing)

Answer 30

Vascular tunic

Question 31

innermost layer; retina | Absorbs light, contains photoreceptors

Answer 31

neural tunic

Question 32

highest concentration of photoreceptors with the fovea in the center

Answer 32

macula lurea

Question 33

Begins at photoreceptors in the retina Moves down the optic nerve Reaches the diencephalon Signal splits and goes to each hemisphere Transferred to the occipital cortex

Answer 33

Pathway for vision converted to light waves to nerve impluses