Chapter 13:

Question 1

What is heredity?

Answer 1

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Question 2

What is the difference between inheritance and heredity?

Answer 2

nothing

Question 3

What are the units of heredity?

Answer 3

genes

Question 4

What is DNA?

Answer 4

A polymer of 4 nucleotides

Question 5

A certain combo of nucleotides = ?

Answer 5

A gene

Question 6

What are the vehicles for fertilization?

Answer 6

Gametes

Question 7

T or F? All species have the same # of chromosomes?

Answer 7

F

Question 8

What is a locus

Answer 8

A genes specific location on the chromosome

Question 9

What is a sexual reproduction?

Answer 9

a single individual produces two genetically identical offspring w/o fusion of gametes

Question 10

What is a clone

Answer 10

a group of genetically identical individuals

Question 11

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 11

to parents give rise to offspring with mixed DNA from both parents

Question 12

How many chromosomes does a somatic cell have?

Answer 12

46

Question 13

How many chromosomes does a gamete have?

Answer 13

23

Question 14

If one were to take images of all chromosomes and arrange them in pairs by length this would be called a _____?

Answer 14

karyotype

Question 15

What are homologous chromosomes in meiosis?

Answer 15

corresponding sets of sister chromatids

Question 16

How may pairs of autosomes does a somatic cell have?

Answer 16

22

Question 17

What is an autosome?

Answer 17

not sex chromosomes

Question 18

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 18

A cell with two full sets of chromosomes

Question 19

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 19

A cell with one chromosome set

Question 20

What do you call a chromosome that has been duplicated?

Answer 20

2 sister chromatids

Question 21

What is fertilization?

Answer 21

The union of gametes

Question 22

What is a fertilized egg referred to as?

Answer 22

A zygote

Question 23

Is a zygote haploid or diploid?

Answer 23

diploid

Question 24

Meiosis is responsable for the creation of what type of cells?

Answer 24

gametes

Question 25

What are the cells that initially start the process of meiosis to produce gametes?

Answer 25

germ cells

Question 26

What is alternation of generation

Answer 26

includes both diploid and haploid stages that are multicellular

Question 27

What organism uses alternation of generations?

Answer 27

Plants and some algae

Question 28

Only diploid cells can divide by mitosis. T or F?

Answer 28

F

Question 29

Only diploid cell can divide by meiosis. T or F?

Answer 29

T

Question 30

Meiosis results in how many daughter cells?

Answer 30

4

Question 31

What is the end product of meiosis I of meiosis?

Answer 31

two haploid cells with duplicated chromosomes

Question 32

What is the end products of meiosis II?

Answer 32

Haploid cells with unduplicated chromosomes

Question 33

Sister chromosomes make up one ________ _________

Answer 33

duplicated chromosomes

Question 34

What are the differences between homologous chromosomes?

Answer 34

one is paternal and one is maternal

Question 35

Homologous pairs differentiate depending on the alleles at certain loci. T or F?

Answer 35

T

Question 36

What is the basic goal of meiosis I?

Answer 36

to separate homologous chromosomes

Question 37

what are the phases of meiosis I?

Answer 37

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase and Cytokinesis I

Question 38

What stage does crossing over occur?

Answer 38

Prophase I

Question 39

What happens in prophase I?

Answer 39

Duplicated homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their DNA

Question 40

What is the chiasmata?

Answer 40

the point where crossing over occurs

Question 41

What happens in metaphase I?

Answer 41

chromosomes line up by homologous pairs

Question 42

What happens in anaphase I?

Answer 42

the two homologous chromosomes of each pair separate

Question 43

What happens in telophase I and cytokinesis?

Answer 43

two haploid cells form; each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids

Question 44

T or F? During metaphase a kinetochore molecule attaches microtubules to both chromatids of one homolog

Answer 44

T

Question 45

In anaphase I are the sister chromatids still attached?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

T or F? Chromosome duplication occurs in-between meiosis I and meiosis II.

Answer 46

F

Question 47

In what phase(s) do spindle apparatus form?

Answer 47

Prophase I and II

Question 48

How are chromosomes or sister chromatids moved to metaphase plate?

Answer 48

via microtubules

Question 49

What happens in metaphase II?

Answer 49

Sister chromatids line up at metaphase plate

Question 50

What happens in Anaphase II?

Answer 50

Sister chromatids are pulled apart after an enzyme breaks down the cohesion

Question 51

In what stage do nucleoli form in meiosis?

Answer 51

telophase II

Question 52

If one were to start meiosis with 4 chromosomes in one cell, how many chromosomes would be in each daughter cell and how many cells would there be?

Answer 52

In total you would have 8 chromosomes | In each haploid cell you would have 2

Question 53

Crossing over occurs between what two chromatids?

Answer 53

non sister paternal and maternal

Question 54

What is the synaptonemal complex?

Answer 54

A zipper like structure that hols the homologs together

Question 55

What is synapsis?

Answer 55

DNA breaks close up and attached to corresponding segment of non sister chromatid (crossing over)

Question 56

IN the cell cycle where is independent assortment seen?

Answer 56

Metaphase I