Chapter 13 Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
acr/o
A
extremities (hands and feet), top extreme point
2
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal glands
3
Q
cren/o
A
secrete
4
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
5
Q
glyc/o
A
glucose, sugar
6
Q
gonad/o
A
gonad, sex glands
7
Q
-ism
A
condition, state of
8
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
9
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid glands
10
Q
pineal/o
A
pineal gland
11
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
12
Q
poly-
A
many
13
Q
somat/o
A
body
14
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
15
Q
thyr/o
A
thyroid gland
16
Q
acromegaly
A
a rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands and feet) cause by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
17
Q
Addison’s disease
A
a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone
18
Q
adrenalitis
A
inflammation of the adrenal glands
19
Q
aldosteronism
A
an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone
20
Q
antidiuretic hormone
A
the hormone that helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys
21
Q
calcitonin
A
a hormone that works with the parathyriod hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues
22
Q
Conn’s syndrome
A
a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone
23
Q
cortisol
A
a hormone that has anti-inflammatory action; it also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body
24
Q
cretinism
A
a congenital form of hypothyroidism that, if not treated soon after birth, causes arrested physical and mental development
25
Cushing's syndrome
a condition caused by the overproduction of cortisol by the body or by taking corticosteroids to treat inflammatory diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis; also known as hypercortisolism
26
diabetes insipudis
a condition caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH.
27
diabetes mellitus
a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both
28
diabetic retinopathy
injury to the eye that occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina of the eye
29
electrolytes
mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, normally found in the blood
30
epinephrine
a hormone that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or mental stress such as fear, also known as adrenaline
31
estrogen
a hormone with n important role in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and the regulation of the menstrual cycle
32
exophthalmos
an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
33
follicle-stimulating hormone
the hormone that stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries of the female; in male it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles
34
fructosamine test
a blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks
35
gestational diabetes mellitus
the form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies
36
gigantism
abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty
37
glucagon
the hormone that increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream by stimulation the liver to convert glycogen into glucose
38
glucose
the basic form of energy used by the body; also known as blood sugar
39
Grave's disease
a disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone, resulting in hyperthyroidism
40
growth hormone
the hormone that regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissue
41
gynecomastia
the condition of excessive mammary development in the male
42
Hashimoto's disease
an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
43
hypercalcemia
abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulation in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and the teeth
44
hyperglycemia
an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
45
hyperinsulinism
a condition marked by excessive secretion of insulin in the blood stream
46
hyperpituitarism
the excessive secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
47
hyperthyroidism
the overproduction of thyroid hormones, which causes an imbalance of metabolism
48
hypoglycemia
an abnormally low concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood
49
hypothyroidism
a deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as underactive thyroid
50
insulin
the hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to the high levels of glucose in the blood stream; its function is to allow glucose to enter cells for energy or to stimulate the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage
51
insulinoma
a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia
52
ketosis
a normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking
53
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or more adrenal glands
54
leptin
a protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite
55
luteinizing hormone
the hormone that stimulates ovulation in the female and production of the female sex hormone progesterone; in the male it stimulates the secretion of testosterone
56
myxedema
a severe form of adult hypothyroidism
57
norepinephrine
a combination of a hormone and a neurohormone that plays an important role in the fight or flight response
58
oxytocin
hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
59
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
60
parathyroidectomy
the surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
61
pituitary adenoma
one of two types of slow growing benign tumors of the pituitary gland that may or may not cause excess hormone secretion
62
polydipsia
excessive thirst
63
polyphagia
excessive hunger
64
ployuria
excessive urination
65
prediabetes
a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
66
progesterone
this hormone, whose function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, is released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary
67
prolactinoma
a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes the gland to produce too much prolactin
68
puberty
the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing
69
radioactive iodine treatment
the oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
70
steroids
a large family of hormone like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure
71
testosterone
a steroid hormone secreted by the testes and the adrenal cortex that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics
72
thymectomy
the surgical removal of the thymus gland
73
thymitis
inflammation of the thymus gland
74
thymosin
hormone secreted by the thymus gland that stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system
75
thyroxine
one of the primary hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that regulate the rate of metabolism and effect the growth and rate of function of other body systems
