Chapter 8

Question 1

an/o

Answer 1

anus, ring

Question 2

chol/e

Answer 2

bile or gall

Question 3

cholecyst/o

Answer 3

gallbladder

Question 4

col/o

Answer 4

colon, large intestine

Question 5

colon/o

Answer 5

colon, large intestine

Question 6

-emesis

Answer 6

vomiting

Question 7

enter/o

Answer 7

small intestine

Question 8

esophag/o

Answer 8

esophagus

Question 9

gastr/o

Answer 9

stomach, belly

Question 10

hepat/o

Answer 10

liver

Question 11

-lithiasis

Answer 11

presence of stones

Question 12

-pepsia

Answer 12

digest, digestion

Question 13

-phagia

Answer 13

eating, swallowing

Question 14

proct/o

Answer 14

rectum, anus

Question 15

rect/o

Answer 15

rectum, straight

Question 16

sigmoid/o

Answer 16

sigmoid colon

Question 17

aerophagia

Answer 17

the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

Question 18

anastamosis

Answer 18

a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures; plural, anastamoses

Question 19

antiemetic

Answer 19

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea or vomiting

Question 20

apthous ulcers

Answer 20

gray-white pits with a red border that appear in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers

Question 21

ascites

Answer 21

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 22

bariatrics

Answer 22

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

Question 23

borborygmus

Answer 23

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

Question 24

cachexia

Answer 24

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

Question 25

celiac disease

Answer 25

an inherited autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to food containing gluten; also known as gluten intolerance

Question 26

cheilosis

Answer 26

a disorder of the lips characterized by cracklike sores at the corner of the mouth

Question 27

cholangiography

Answer 27

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

Question 28

cholangitis

Answer 28

an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

Question 29

cholecystectomy

Answer 29

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

Question 30

cholecystitis

Answer 30

inflammation of the gallbladder; usually associated with gallstones

Question 31

choledocholithotomy

Answer 31

an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

Question 32

cholelithiasis

Answer 32

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Question 33

cirrhosis

Answer 33

a progressive degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

Question 34

colonoscopy

Answer 34

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon, from the rectum to the cecum

Question 35

colostomy

Answer 35

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

Question 36

Chron's disease

Answer 36

a chronic autoimmune disorder than can occur anywhere in the digestive tract, however it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

Question 37

dental prophylaxis

Answer 37

the professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

Question 38

diverticulitis

Answer 38

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the colon

Question 39

diverticulosis

Answer 39

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the colon

Question 40

dyspepsia

Answer 40

pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion

Question 41

dysphagia

Answer 41

difficulty swallowing

Question 42

enema

Answer 42

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

Question 43

enteritis

Answer 43

inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

Question 44

eructation

Answer 44

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Question 45

esophageal varices

Answer 45

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 46

esohpagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer 46

an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract; this includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum

Question 47

gastroduodenostomy

Answer 47

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

Question 48

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 48

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD

Question 49

gastrostomy tube

Answer 49

the surgical placement of a feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach

Question 50

hematemesis

Answer 50

the vomiting of blood

Question 51

hemoccult test

Answer 51

a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stools; also known as fecal occult blood test

Question 52

hepatitis

Answer 52

inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

Question 53

herpes labialis

Answer 53

blisterlike sores on the lips and adjacent tissue caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters