chapter 13: Aggression

Question 1

list

types of aggression

Answer 1

• hostile aggression
• instrumental aggression

Question 2

define

hostile aggression

Answer 2

bx intended to harm another, either physically or psychologically and motivated by feelings of anger and hostility

Question 3

define

instrumental aggression

Answer 3

behavior intended to harm another in the service of motive other than pure hostility

Question 4

list

causes of aggression

Answer 4

• individual factors
• situational factors

Question 5

list

individual factors of aggression

Answer 5

• genetics
• personality
• brain abnormalities

Question 6

list

situational factors of aggression

Answer 6

• heat
• media violence
• video games
• social rejection

Question 7

define

relational value

Answer 7

the degree to which others consider the relationship with us to be valuable, important, or close

Question 8

answer

when the relational value is lower than we expect how do we feel?

Answer 8

hurt

Question 9

define

dehumanization

Answer 9

the attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to groups other than ones own

Question 10

define

culture of honor

Answer 10

a culture defined by its members stron concerns about their own and others reputations; leading to sensitivity to insults and a willingness to use violence to avenge any percieved wrong

Question 11

answer

in the us is the north or south a culture of honor

Answer 11

South

Question 12

answer

explain ways southern men show they are in a culture of honor

Answer 12

• show more anger expressions
• elevated testosterone
• firmer grip
• greater hostility after an insult

Question 13

answer

how do economic practices lead to cultures of honor

Answer 13

herding: wealth can be easily stolen need to be percieved as tough
agriculture: wealth cannot be as easily stolen

Question 14

define

rape prone culture

Answer 14

culture in which rape tends to be used as an act of war against enemy women, as a ritual act, or as a threat against women to keep them subservient to men

Question 15

fill in blank

rape prone cultures have — levels of violence, history of — warfare and an — on toughness

Answer 15

• high
• frequent
• overemphasis

Question 16

fill in blank

rape prone cultures are more likely to — womens right and social status

Answer 16

limit

Question 17

explain

Banduras Bobo doll experiement

Answer 17

• 2 groups of kids
• 1 watches an aggressive model and then is released to play in room full of toys
• 1 watching a neutral model and then is released into a room full of toys
• children with the aggressive model beat up bobo those who didnt have the aggressive model played with the other toys

Question 18

define:

ostracism

Answer 18

being ignored by others around you

Question 19

list

consequences of ostracism

Answer 19

• painful
• stressful
• ostracised partner may end relationship
• antagonistic reactions

Question 20

define

seville statement

Answer 20

it is scientifically inaacurate to say that people cannot control their aggression

Question 21

answer

at what age do boys start being more physically aggressive than girl?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

answer

why are men more aggressive than women?

Answer 22

males evolve characteristics and strategies for outcompeting other males

Question 23

define

precarious manhood hypothesis

Answer 23

a man’s gender identity of strength and toughness may be lost under certain conditons and that such a loss can trigger aggressive behavior

Question 24

true or false

women show more relational/emotional aggression

Answer 24

true

Question 25

# list forms of relational/emotional aggression

Answer 25

* gossip * alliances * exclusion * social rejection

Question 26

# answer why are women more likely to engage in emotional/relational aggression

Answer 26

females are less physically strong and have to care for others so they cant be getting their asses beat all the time

Question 27

# answer in canada what are the "odds" you will be killed by a stepparent vs your biological parent

Answer 27

70x

Question 28

# answer in the us of much more likely are you to be killed by a stepparent than a biological parent?

Answer 28

100x

Question 29

# define exchange relationships

Answer 29

indiviuals feel little responsibility toward one another; giving and recieving are governed by concerns of equity and reciprocity

Question 30

# define communal relationships

Answer 30

individuals feel a special responsiblity for one another and give and recieve according to principles of needs

Question 31

# list determinants that make partners more committed

Answer 31

* relationship satisfaction (outcome-cl) * few alternative partners (CLalts) * investments in the relationship

Question 32

# define construal processes

Answer 32

how people percieve the context/other people

Question 33

# define self-construals

Answer 33

perception of one's own role in a situation

Question 34

# define general aggression model

Answer 34

a broad approach to understanding the causes of aggression through a focus on situational factors, construal factors, and biological and cultural contributions

Question 35

# answer who proved a causal relationship between heat and increased violent crimes

Answer 35

Craig Anderson

Question 36

# fill in the blank 85% of american teens play video games for --- hours a week

Answer 36

13

Question 37

# answer on average how many hours do boys play video games a week

Answer 37

16

Question 38

# answer on average how many hours a week do girls play video games

Answer 38

9

Question 39

# fill in blank --(percent) of children play 24 hours of video games a week

Answer 39

8%

Question 40

# list 5 ways playing video games can lead to aggression

Answer 40

1. increase in aggressive bx 2. reduces prosocial bx 3. increases aggressive thoughts 4. increase aggresive emotions 5.increase heart rate and blood pressure

Question 41

# true of false people who feel rejected report higher chronic pain

Answer 41

true

Question 42

# answer when playing cyberball and being ostracised the part of the brain that is activated is the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, what is that part of the brain responsible for?

Answer 42

processing physical pain | reliving a break up does the same

Question 43

# true or false a citizen is more likely to be a victim of a crime if the income inequality is high

Answer 43

true

Question 44

# answer inequality undermines feelings of what?

Answer 44

trust and goodwill

Question 45

# answer what do evolutionary psycholgists think that income inequality does for men

Answer 45

it forces them to be in competition with others for economic gain and access to mates

Question 46

# define biophilia

Answer 46

humans love of life and living systems

Question 47

# true of false nature calms down people better than other recreational activities

Answer 47

true

Question 48

# answer in geographical regions where people have greater access to nice outdoor spaces people report a higher what?

Answer 48

higher levels of happiness and goodwill toward others

Question 49

# answer what does leonard berkowitz think about fight-or flight?

Answer 49

any unpleasant stimulus can trigger the fight- or flight response

Question 50

# true or false once angry people are more likely to percieve others as having combative intentions, imagine ways of inflicting harm etc.

Answer 50

true

Question 51

# answer firearms are invloved in what percent of homicides

Answer 51

75%

Question 52

# answer firearms are used in what percentage of suicides

Answer 52

50%

Question 53

# answer according to berkowitz the presense of guns only leads to aggression when what else is present?

Answer 53

feeling of anger

Question 54

# explain berkowitz experiment

Answer 54

2 people 1 participant 1 confederate * delivered shocks to eachother * 3 conditions (no object, neutral object and a gun) * found that the presence of the gun didn't trigger aggression, only made participants more aggressive when there is anger present

Question 55

# define dehumanization

Answer 55

the attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to a group

Question 56

# answer why do people dehumanize others?

Answer 56

easier to hurt something we don't see as human

Question 57

# explain cohen's study of aggression and culture

Answer 57

* confederate bumps into a participant calling him an asshole * southerners showed more angry facial expressions and higher levels of testosterone and cortisone (cortisol?) * southerners shook other participants harder and refused to move out of the way

Question 58

# answer rape is prevelant in cultures where women are in what level of society | high or low

Answer 58

low

Question 59

# define inclusive fitness

Answer 59

according to evolutionary theory, an individuals reproductive success, which ensures the transmission of an individuals genes to future generations