Chapter 13 Behavior of metals

Question 1

what are group 1 metals called

Answer 1

alkali metals

Question 2

how does reactivity change down the group and why (group 1)

Answer 2

reactivity increases

there is a lesser force of attraction between the outer shell electron and the nucleus, as the shell number increases the force of attraction will decrease making it easier to give the electron away.

Question 3

how does the melting and boiling point change down the group and why (group 1)

Answer 3

melting and boiling point decrease down the group

as the reactivity increases, it is easier to break the bonds hence making it easier to melt or boil

Question 3

how does the softness change down the group and why (group 1)

Answer 3

softness increases

as the reactivity increases, the bonds become easier to break, making the metal softer and easier to cut

Question 4

how does the density change down the group and why (group 1)

Answer 4

density increases

as the mass number increases there will be more particles per unit volume increasing the density

Question 5

what are group 2 metals called

Answer 5

alkaline earth metals

Question 6

what are the trends as you go down the group (group 2 metals)

Answer 6

melting and boiling point decrease
density increase
softness increase
reactivity increase

Question 7

difference between alkali metal and alkaline earth metal

Answer 7

not as reactive as group 1 metals
and form 2+ ions

Question 8

what are halogens

Answer 8

halogens are the most reactive non-metals

Question 9

which group are halogens in

Answer 9

group 7

Question 10

which ions do halogens form

Answer 10

-1

Question 11

how does reactivity change down the group and why (halogens)

Answer 11

reactivity decreases

as the shell number increases the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases, halogens take electrons and don’t give hence making it harder to gain the electron decreasing the reactivity

Question 12

how does the intensity of the colour change down the group(halogens)

Answer 12

colour intensity increases (gets darker)

Question 13

name the elements and the colours down the group in this group (halogens)

Answer 13

flourine/chlorine is greenish-yellow
bromine is orange-brown
iodine is dark brown
astatine is black

Question 14

how does the melting and boiling point change down the group and why(halogens)

Answer 14

increases

as it gets less reactive it is harder to gain an electron
making the bonds harder to break causing there to be a higher temperature needed to break the bonds

Question 15

how do the states of the elements change in halogens down the group

Answer 15

first two elements are gaseous (flourine and chlorine)
bromine is liquid
iodine and astatine are solid

Question 16

how does density vary down the group

Answer 16

density increases

as the mass number increases there will be more particles per unit volume increasing the density

Question 17

what are noble gases also known as

Answer 17

inert gases

Question 18

how do noble gases react

Answer 18

they are unreactive

Question 19

which group are they in (noble gasses)

Answer 19

group 8

Question 20

how does melting and boiling point vary down this group and why (group 8)

Answer 20

increase

as the gases get heavier it is harder to vaporise, causing there to be a need in higher temperature supplied to vaporise the element

Question 21

how does density vary down the group 8

Answer 21

density increases

as the mass number increases there will be more particles per unit volume increasing the density

Question 22

properties of metals (physical)

Answer 22

high density
malleable
ductile
strong
shiny
conductor of heat
conductor of electricity
sonorous
high melting
high boiling

Question 23

chemical properties of metals with oxygen

acidic or basic

Answer 23

all metals react with oxygen to form metal oxide (metal oxides are basic in nature)

Question 24

chemical properties of metals with acid

Answer 24

metal + acid ---> salt + hydrogen

Question 25

chemical properties of metals with water

Answer 25

metal + water --> metal hydroxide + hydrogen some of the metal that doesn't react with water forms metal oxide + hydrogen

Question 26

transition metal chemical properties

Answer 26

variable valencies compounds of transition metals are coloured used as catalysts metal + water --> metal hydroxide + hydrogen metal + acid ---> salt + hydrogen metal + oxygen --> metal oxide

Question 27

chemical property of metals when reacted with non-metals

Answer 27

form ionic compounds

Question 28

which metal is the most reactive with water and what does it form

Answer 28

potassium reacts violently with cold water (catches fire) products: hydrogen, KOH (K + h2o --> KOH + H2)

Question 29

which metal is the second most reactive with water and what does it form

Answer 29

sodium violent with cold water products: hydrogen, NaOH (Na + h2o --> NaOH + H2)

Question 30

which metal is the third most reactive with water and what does it form

Answer 30

calcium less violent with cold water products: hydrogen, calcium hydroxide (Ca + h2o ---> Ca(OH)2 + H2)

Question 31

how can we compare metals reactivity

Answer 31

reacting them with the same reactant. If one metal is more reactive than the other it will react faster and more vigorously, at a lower temperature

Question 32

which metal is the most reactive with hcl and what does it form

Answer 32

magnesium products: hydrogen, magnesium chloride (Mg + HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2)

Question 33

which metal is the second most reactive with hcl and what does it form

Answer 33

zinc products: hydrogen, zinc chloride (Zn + HCl ---> ZnCl2 + H2)

Question 34

magnesium displaces hydrogen when reacted with hcl and when reacted with water what does this mean

Answer 34

this means magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen and has a stronger drive to give away electrons hence having a stronger drive to form compounds

Question 35

which metal is the most reactive with oxygen and what does it form

Answer 35

sodium products: sodium oxide (white solid) (Na + O2 ---> Na2o)

Question 36

which metal is the second most reactive with oxygen and what does it form

Answer 36

calcium products: calcium oxide (white solid) (Ca + O ---> CaO)

Question 37

which metal is the third most reactive with oxygen and what does it form

Answer 37

magnesium products: magnesium oxide (white solid) (Mg + O ---> MgO)

Question 38

how does the speed of magnesium reacting with water vary

Answer 38

reacts with water slowly but vigorously with steam

Question 39

in a metals reactivity series why are non-metals hydrogen and carbon present

Answer 39

they are used to extract metals from their oxides

Question 40

state the reactivity series of metals

Answer 40

potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon zinc iron hydrogen copper silver gold

Question 41

list the 4 most reactive metals and their reactions with water (balanced)

Answer 41

potassium 2K + 2H2O ---> 2KOH + H2 sodium 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2 calcium Ca + 2H2O --> Ca(OH)2 + H2 magnesium Mg + 2H2O --> Mg(OH)2 + H2

Question 42

which metals react with steam and not water

Answer 42

metals below calcium (magnesium,aluminium,carbon,zinc,iron,hydrogen,copper,silver gold)

Question 43

which metals will react with dilute acids

Answer 43

metals above hydrogen

Question 44

why are some metals more reactive than others

Answer 44

This is because more reactive metals lose electrons and form ions more readily than less reactive metals, making them better reducing agents

Question 45

what is rusting chemical compound of rust

Answer 45

Rust is a chemical reaction between iron, water and oxygen to form the compound hydrated iron(III) oxide (which is rust)

Question 46

which compound and element must be present for rusting to occur

Answer 46

compound: water element: oxygen

Question 47

what happens to iron during rusting

Answer 47

iron gets oxidised

Question 48

what is the "barrier method" of rust protection

Answer 48

Rust can be prevented by coating iron with barriers that prevent the iron from coming into contact with water and oxygen

Question 49

what are common barrier materials that are used

Answer 49

grease, oil, paint, plastic

Question 50

which metals can rust, when other metals are broken down in the presence of water and oxygen what is it called.

Answer 50

only iron and an alloy of iron can rust if any other metal is broken down it is known as corrosion

Question 51

how can iron be prevented from rusting other than by using a barrier

Answer 51

using a metal that is more reactive than iron causing that metal to oxidise first and corrode

Question 52

what is galvanising

Answer 52

Galvanising is a process where the iron to be protected is coated with a layer of zinc

Question 53

how can the layer of zinc be applied on to iron

Answer 53

electroplating or dipping it into molten zinc

Question 54

what is formed when zinc reacts with air

Answer 54

ZnCO3

Question 55

explain why a metal is/is not suitable as a method of preventing an iron/steel object from rusting.

Answer 55

if it is higher in the reactivity series than iron, it will be suitable for sacrificial protection as it will be oxidised instead of iron. If it is lower in the reactivity series than iron, it would not be suitable as iron would be oxidised, causing it to rust.

Question 56

two ways in which physical properties of transition elements differ from group 1 metals

Answer 56

higher density higher boiling points