Chapter 3 Bonding - ionic, covalent, metal

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

substance that cannot be broken down any further
substance containing atoms with the same atomic number or proton number

Question 2

compound

Answer 2

Made of different atoms and elements that have been bonded together

Question 3

Mixture

Answer 3

Different substances that haven’t been bonded together

Question 4

Signs of a chemical reaction

Answer 4

One or more new substances are formed
Energy taken in or given out
Difficult to reverse
REN

Question 5

Signs of a physical change

Answer 5

If no new substance is formed it is a physical change

Question 6

Why do atoms bond

Answer 6

They bond in order to gain stability and have full outer shells

Question 7

What is a bond

Answer 7

A force of attraction present between two or more atoms, elements, or ions in a compound

Question 8

Ions

Answer 8

An ion is a charged particle that is formed when an atom gains/looses electrons

Question 9

Positive ions

Answer 9

Cations A POSITIVE CAT

Question 10

Negative ions

Answer 10

Anions

Question 11

Ionic bond

Answer 11

Metal and non-metal
Strong electrostatic force of attraction between ions of opposite charge

Question 12

Metals form which ion

Answer 12

POSITIVE - CATIONS

Question 13

Non-metals form which ion

Answer 13

NEGATIVE - ANIONS

Question 14

NH4

Answer 14

Ammonium 1+

Question 15

CO3

Answer 15

Carbonate 2-

Question 16

SO4

Answer 16

Sulfate 2-

Question 17

SO3

Answer 17

Sulfite 2-

Question 18

OH

Answer 18

Hydroxide -1

Question 19

NO3

Answer 19

Nitrate -1

Question 20

What is a covalent bond

Answer 20

An inter-molecular force of attraction that holds the two atoms together and allows them to share a pair of electrons

2 or more non metals

Question 21

Molecule

Answer 21

Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 22

Diatomic

Answer 22

Molecules that contain two atoms

Question 23

What is a covalent compound

Answer 23

A compound formed by atoms of different elements sharing electrons

Question 24

Methanol

Answer 24

CH3OH

Question 25

Ethene

Answer 25

C2H4

Question 26

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 26

Soluble in water Can conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water High melting and boiling points

Question 27

Properties of covalent compounds

Answer 27

Lowing melting and boiling points Insoluble in water Don't conduct electricity

Question 28

Allotropes

Answer 28

Two forms of the same element

Question 29

Structure of metals

Answer 29

Lattice of tightly packed positive ions and a sea of delocalized electrons that move freely

Question 30

Metallic bonds

Answer 30

Electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 31

Physical properties of metals

Answer 31

High melting point Malleable and Ductile Good conductors of heat Good conductors of electricity

Question 32

Best conductor of electricity:

Answer 32

Silver

Question 33

Delocalised electrons

Answer 33

Electrons that move freely in the metal lattice and aren't tied to any one ion

Question 34

What is a single covalent bond

Answer 34

A single covalent bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons which leads to a full outer shell s

Question 35

what does the nucleus of a hydrogen atom contain

Answer 35

only protons

Question 36

Describe the giant covalent structure of diamond

Answer 36

Each carbon bonds to 4 other carbon atoms and forms a tetrahedral structure

Question 37

What are the properties of diamond

Answer 37

Very hard - each atom held by 4 strong covalent bonds high melting point Does not conduct electricity - no free ions or electrons to carry charge

Question 38

Describe the structure of Silicon (IV) oxide and the chemical formula

Answer 38

SiO2 Each silicon atom bonds with 4 oxygen atom. Each oxygen atom bonds with 2 silicon atoms.

Question 39

properties of silicon (IV) oxide

Answer 39

Similar to diamond because it has a similar tetrahedral structure

Question 40

Describe the bonding in graphite

Answer 40

Each carbon atom bonds with 3 other carbon atoms. Forms hexagonal rings that form flat sheets. Weak forces lie between the millions of sheets

Question 41

Properties of graphite

Answer 41

Soft and slippery - sheets slide over each other easily Good conductor of electricity - Each carbon atom has 4 valence eletrons, but only 3 are used in bonding. 1 electron from each carbon atom free to move around graphite and conduct electricity

Question 42

Use of diamond, graphite and silicon (IV) oxide

Answer 42

Diamond - tools for drilling and cutting Graphite - Lubricant for engines electrodes (electrolysis) Silicon (IV) oxide - Sand paper, bricks for lining furnaces

Question 43

Why is the melting point of an ionic compound > covalent compound

Answer 43

Ionic bonds have strong electrostatic force of attraction between ions whereas covalent bonds are have intermolecular forces of attraction. Requires more energy to overcome electrostatic forces of attraction

Question 44

Name a covalent compound with a higher melting point than most ionic compounds

Answer 44

Silicon (IV) oxide Diamond