Chapter 13 - Blood System Flashcards
(45 cards)
What is the primary function of blood?
Maintain a constant environment for other living tissues of body
What does blood transport?
Nutrients, gases, and wastes.
Also transports chemical messengers called hormones from their sites of secretion in glands (they regulate growth, reproduction, and energy production)
What does blood contain?
Proteins, white blood cells and antibodies that fight infection, and platelets (thrombocytes) and other proteins to help blood clot
What is it composed of?
Composed of cells suspended in plasma (clear, straw-coloured liquid).
Cells are 45% blood volume and contain erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets or thrombocytes.
What is the remaining 55% of blood?
Plasma, water solution, salts, sugar, proteins, hormones, lipids, and vitamins
What did hemoglobin do?
Enables erythrocytes to carry oxygen. Combination of erythrocytes and hemoglobin (oxyhemoglobin) produces red colour
What do lymphocytes do?
Play a role in immune response that protects the body against infection. They can directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and can lead to that destruction of foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)
What are the three types of granulocytes?
Basophils. Eosinophils. Neutrophil.
What are the two types of mononuclear cells?
Lymphocyte. Monocyte.
What is the function of basophils?
Responds to allergens; releases histamine and heparin
What is the function of eosinophils?
Responds to parasitic infections and is a phagocyte I’m allergic reactions
What is the function of neutrophil?
Major role in fighting bacterial; phagocyte
What is the function of lymphocyte?
Controls immune response; makes antibodies to antigens
What is the function for monocyte?
Phagocyte cell that becomes a macrophage and digests bacteria and tissue debris
What is the main function of platelets?
To help blood to clot
What is plasma?
Liquid part of the blood.
4 parts: albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, prothrombin
What is edema?
Swelling. Results when too much fluid from blood “leaks” out into tissues
What is hemolysis?
Breakdown of red blood cells
What is coagulation?
Blood clotting
What are anticoagulant substances?
Their in the blood that inhibit blood clotting, do clots don’t form
Ex. Heparin. Warfarin (Coumadin)
What is anemia?
Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
What is hemophilia?
Excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX necessary for blood clotting
What is purpura?
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages
What is petechiae?
Tiny purple or red flat spots appearing on skin as result of hemorrhage
