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Medical Terms > Module 5 - Vocabulary > Flashcards

Module 5 - Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

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2
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins (links in chain), released when proteins are digested

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3
Q

Amylase

A

Enzymes (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)

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4
Q

Anus

A

Terminal end of opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

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5
Q

Appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant). Literally means hanging (pend/o) onto (ap-, which is a form of ad-)

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6
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in liver and stored in gallbladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules. Bile originally was called gall. It is composed of bile pigments (coloured materials), cholesterol, and bile salts

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7
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

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8
Q

Bowel

A

Intestine

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9
Q

Canine teeth

A

Pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors. Aka cuspids or eyeteeth

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10
Q

Cecum

A

First part of large intestine

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11
Q

Colon

A

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

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12
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Aka choledochus

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13
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces Fromm the digestive tract through the anus

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14
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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15
Q

Dentin

A

Primary material found in teeth. It’s covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root

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16
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

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17
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine
Duo=2
Den=10
It is 12 inches long

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18
Q

Elimination

A

Act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

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19
Q

Emulsification

A

Physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules, thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat

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20
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of tooth

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21
Q

Enzyme

A

Chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances.

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22
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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23
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested. Fatty acids are a category of lipids

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24
Q

Feces

A

Solid waste

25
Gallbladder
Small sac under the liver; stores bile
26
Glucose
Simple sugar
27
Glycogen
Starch; glucose is stored in form of glycogen in liver cells
28
Hydrochloric scud
Substance produced in the stomach; necessary for digestion in foods
29
Ileum
Third part of small intestine.
30
Incisor
Any one of four front teeth in dental arch
31
Insulin
Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver
32
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestine.
33
Lipase
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
34
Liver
Large organ located in RUQ of abdomen. Secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; and fills out toxins.
35
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach | Aka cardiac sphincter
36
Mastication
Chewing
37
Nomad teeth
Sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from middle on either side of dental arch. Premolar teeth are fourth and fifth teeth, before molars
38
Palate
Roof of mouth. Hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone. The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat
39
Pancreas
Organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)
40
Papillae
Small projections in the tongue. Nipple like elevation
41
Parotid gland
Salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
42
Peristalsis
Involuntary, rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. Moves the contents through at different rates in gastrointestinal tract
43
Pharynx
Throat, common passageway from food from mouth and air from nose
44
Portal vein
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines
45
Protease
Enzyme that digests protein
46
Pulp
Soft tissue within a tooth, containing blood vessels and nerves
47
Pyloric sphincter
Ring of muscles at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. Normal closed, but opens when wave of peristalsis passes over it
48
Pylorus
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
49
Rectum
Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus
50
Rugae
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach
51
Saliva
Digestive juice produced by salivary glands. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which begins the digestion of starch to sugar
52
Salivary glands
Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands
53
Sigmoid colon
Fourth and last, S-shapes segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum
54
Sphincter
Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening
55
Stomach
Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus. The stomachs parts are the fundus (proximal section), body (middle section), and antrum (distal section)
56
Triglycerides
Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol. Triglycerides (fats) are a subgroup of lipids. Another type is cholesterol
57
Uvula
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.
58
Villi
Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

Medical Terms (17 decks)

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