Chapter 13 - Forensic Toxicology

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

Process in which light energy with certain wavelength is absorbed by a molecule when it interacts with light

Question 2

Acidosis

Answer 2

Acidification of the blood

Question 3

Acute Dose

Answer 3

An amount of a chemical administered over a short period of time

Question 4

Alcohol

Answer 4

Organic compound with an OH group

Question 5

Alcohol Dehydrogenase Enzyme

Answer 5

Enzyme in the liver that converts ethanol into acetaldehyde

Question 6

Analgesic

Answer 6

A compound that relieves pain

Question 7

Analyte

Answer 7

The compound that you’re analyzing for

Question 8

BAC

Answer 8

• Measure of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream
• Given in terms of grams of alcohol in 100 mL of blood

Blood Alcohol Concentration/Content

Question 9

Barbiturates

Answer 9

Medications that cause you to relax or feel drowsy.

Question 10

Bioaccumulation

Answer 10

The accumulation of a substance in the tissues of an organism

Question 11

Bioavailability

Answer 11

The amount of the compound that reaches the bloodstream

Question 12

Breathalyzer

Answer 12

A device for measuring the alcohol in a person’s expired breath

Question 13

Breath Testing

Answer 13

Method for measuring BAC levels from the alcohol in a person’s breath

Question 14

Chronic Exposure

Answer 14

Exposure to a drug/chemical over long periods of time

Question 15

Congeners

Answer 15

Other substances found in alcoholic beverages

Question 16

Controlled Substance Act

CSA

Answer 16

• Places all regulated substances in existing federal law into one of 5 schedules
• Based on potential for abuse, medical use, and potential for addiction

Question 17

Corrosive Poisons

Answer 17

• Substances that physically destroy tissues upon direct contact
• Act immediately (like strong acids and bases)

Question 18

Cytotoxin

Answer 18

A substance that is toxic to cells

Question 19

Depressants

Answer 19

Compounds that depress the functioning of the CNS, bringing about calmness and sleep

Question 20

Distribution

Answer 20

The spreading of a substance after administration throughout an organism

Question 21

Dose

Answer 21

The amount of a substance administered at a particular time

Question 22

Drug

Answer 22

• Substance that is given for medical purpose
• Prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease

Question 23

Elimination

Answer 23

The removal of substances from the body (metabolic products)

Question 24

Ethanol

Answer 24

• The alcohol used for human consumption
• Also used as an additive to fuels

CH3CH2OH

Question 25

Ethnopharmacology

Answer 25

The exploration of traditional folk remedies for finding new drugs

Question 26

Field Sobriety Test

Answer 26

Behavorial tests enacted upon someone suspected of intoxication

Question 27

Fermentation

Answer 27

The breakdown of sugar into ethanol and CO2

Question 28

Half-life | t½

Answer 28

The amount of time it takes for 1/2 the original sample to change, decompose or decay

Question 29

Hallucinogens

Answer 29

- Alter normal thought processes, perceptions, personal awareness, psychological moods - Marijuana, LSD, PCP, MDMA

Question 30

Henry’s Law

Answer 30

Provides the basis for estimating the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream by measuring the amount of alcohol in exhaled breath

Question 31

Horizontal Gaze Nystagamus | HGN

Answer 31

- Test that eamines the involuntary jerking of the eye as a person looks from side to side -Gages levels of intoxication

Question 32

Ingestion

Answer 32

The entry of a chemical into the body through the gastrointestinal tract (orally)

Question 33

Intramuscular

Answer 33

The injection of a substance directly into a muscle

Question 34

Intravenous

Answer 34

The injection of a substance directly into a blood vessel

Question 35

Injection

Answer 35

Insertion of a compound directly into the bloodstream/in nearby tissue

Question 36

Lethal Dose | LD50

Answer 36

The amount of drug that would kill a human/animal if administered

Question 37

Metabolic Poisons

Answer 37

Affect the biochemical functioning of cells and tissues

Question 38

Metabolite

Answer 38

Compound formed from the metabolism/break down of a drug

Question 39

Medicine

Answer 39

A drug or chemical used for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment of disease

Question 40

Narcotic

Answer 40

- A drug that brings relief from pain and brings sleep - Morphine, Heroin, Codeine,

Question 41

Neuron

Answer 41

Nerve cells

Question 42

Neurotoxins

Answer 42

Molecules that interfere with the normal functioning of nerve cells

Question 43

Opiods

Answer 43

- Natural to synthetic opoids that function similarly to opiates - Relieve pain

Question 44

Opiates

Answer 44

- Natural compounds derived from opium sap - Relax the body and relieve pain

Question 45

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 45

The study of how a drug works on a person

Question 46

Poison

Answer 46

- A compound that function primarily by killing cells - Enters the body through inhalation, absorption, or orally

Question 47

Semi-synthetic Opiates

Answer 47

Drugs made synthetically from the naturally occurring opiates

Question 48

Side Effect

Answer 48

A secondary effect from a medical treatment

Question 49

Standardized Field Sobriety Test | SFST

Answer 49

- Series of tasks used to evaluate impairment due to drug use - Positive tests may be used as a basis for an arrest - HGN, walk and turn, one leg stand

Question 50

Steroids

Answer 50

Compounds that... - promote muscle growth and repair - regulate metabolism and immune function - control blood properties

Question 51

Stimulants

Answer 51

- Compounds that increase alertness and activity - Adderall, Cocaine

Question 52

Subcutaneous

Answer 52

The injection of a substance directly into the skin layers

Question 53

Synapses

Answer 53

Junctions between nerve cells that complete the electrical connections in the nervous system

Question 54

Synesthesia

Answer 54

Effect that occurs when stimulation of one sense leads to stimulation of another sensation

Question 55

Tolerance

Answer 55

- Condition that occurs when the body gets used to a substance - Capacity for the body to accept it increases

Question 56

Toxicology

Answer 56

The field that deals with the nature and effects of poisons

Question 57

Toxin

Answer 57

A poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms.

Question 58

Venom

Answer 58

A toxin that is injected directly into a victim