Chapter 9 - Forensic Anthropology

Question 1

Allometric Relationship

Answer 1

Relationship of the size of a bone to the overall physical stature.

Question 2

Antemortem

Answer 2

Before death

Question 3

Anterior/Ventral

Answer 3

Front

Question 4

Anthropology

Answer 4

Study of the physical, cultural, and social organization of humans.

Question 5

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

• Portion of the skeleton that includes limbs and points of attachment
• Arms, legs, shoulder, pelvis

Question 6

Axial Skeleton

Answer 6

Portion of the skeleton that includes spine and head.

Question 7

Archeology

Answer 7

Study of past human life (includes examination of remaining physical evidence).

Question 8

Beveling

Answer 8

When the bone appears as a concave crater.

Question 9

Biological Profile

Answer 9

• Description of the biological properties of a person
• Stature, age, sex, ancestry, medical history

Question 10

Blunt Force Truama

Answer 10

• Injury that occurs from a forceful strike
• Does not penetrate the skin
• May cause bruising

Question 11

Bone

Answer 11

• Provide support for the body
• Primarily made-up of calcium and collagen
• Classified into: long, short, flat, sesamoid, irregular

Question 12

Cartilage

Answer 12

• Tough, flexible connective tissue
• Line the joints

Question 13

Collagen

Answer 13

• Smooth slippery substance
• Allows for bones to glide past each other smoothly

Question 14

Co-mingled Remains

Answer 14

Remains from more than one individual mixed together at a site.

Question 15

Compact Bone

Answer 15

Dense part of the bone made-up of a hard matrix

Question 16

Crest

Answer 16

Raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone.

Question 17

Deciduous Teeth

Answer 17

Baby teeth

Question 18

Deep

Answer 18

Away from the surface

Question 19

Diaphysis

Answer 19

Shaft of a long bone

Question 20

Distal

Answer 20

• Part of the body further away from the center
• Ex: fingers are distal to shoulders

Question 21

Endoskeleton

Answer 21

Internal skeleton

Question 22

Epiphysis

Answer 22

Part of a bone naturally separated from the main body of the bone.

Question 23

Facial Resconstruction

Answer 23

Creation of an estimate of the face of a person based off of their skeletal remains.

Question 24

Foramen

Answer 24

Opening in a bone

Question 25

Hematoma

Answer 25

Blood clot in an organ, tissue, or other body space.

Question 26

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 26

- Form of calcium phosphate - Primary component of bone

Question 27

Hyoid Bone

Answer 27

- Small, U-shaped bone on the neck - Supports muscles of the tongue - Broken during strangulation

Question 28

Inferior/Caudal

Answer 28

Lower

Question 29

Lateral

Answer 29

- Side/part of the body that is away from the middle - Ex: arms are lateral to the torso; torso is medial to the arms

Question 30

Ligaments

Answer 30

Tissue that connects bones to bones

Question 31

Longitudinal

Answer 31

From head to foot

Question 32

Marrow

Answer 32

- Soft tissue inside the bone - Responsible for RBC production

Question 33

Medial

Answer 33

Towards the midline

Question 34

Metaphysis

Answer 34

- Lies between diaphysis and epiphysis - At the end of long bones

Question 35

Morphology

Answer 35

Form/structure of an object

Question 36

Ossification

Answer 36

- Process of bone formation - Primarily from calcification of soft tissue

Question 37

Ossification

Answer 37

- Process of bone formation - Primarily from calcification of soft tissue

Question 38

Calcification

Answer 38

Hardening of tissues/other materials into calcium

Question 39

Osteoarthritis

Answer 39

Disease resulting from the chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints

Question 40

Osteocyte Cells

Answer 40

Mature bone cells

Question 41

Osteometry

Answer 41

Process of measuring bones

Question 42

Perimortem

Answer 42

At/about the time of death

Question 43

Posterior/Dorsal

Answer 43

Rear

Question 44

Postmortem

Answer 44

After death

Question 45

Process

Answer 45

Projection of tissue from a larger body

Question 46

Proximal

Answer 46

Near the center of the body

Question 47

Remodeling Bone

Answer 47

Process of reshaping bones by resorption and deposition of new boney material

Question 48

Sagittal

Answer 48

From front to back

Question 49

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 49

Differences in shapes or structures between male and female bodies

Question 50

Sharp Force Truama

Answer 50

- Injury that occurs from a penetrating object - Breaks the skin

Question 51

Sinus

Answer 51

Small hollow spaces in the bone around the nose

Question 52

Spongy Bone

Answer 52

The more open, porous bony tissue that makes up the inner portions of a bone

Question 53

Superficial

Answer 53

Towards the surface

Question 54

Superior/Cranial

Answer 54

Upper

Question 55

Suture

Answer 55

Line where two bones come together

Question 56

Symphysis Pubis

Answer 56

Front point of connection between the two hip bones

Question 57

Taphonomy

Answer 57

- Study of how remains decay and are moved, distributed, or disturbed after death - Examines how the environment is affected by remains

Question 58

Tendons

Answer 58

Tissue that connects muscles to bones

Question 59

Yellow Marrow

Answer 59

- Found in the long bones - Contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells

Question 60

Red Marrow

Answer 60

- Mostly found at the end of bones - Makes RBC's, platlets, and most WBC's