Chapter 13, The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

How many liters of blood does the heart pump each day

Answer 1

7,000

Question 2

How many times does the heart contract in an average lifetime

Answer 2

2.5 billion times

Question 3

The pulmonary circuit send what kind of blood to the lungs

Answer 3

Oxygen-depleted blood

Question 4

What does the blood pick up and deposit in the lungs

Answer 4

Picks up oxygen and deposits carbon dioxide

Question 5

What does the systemic circuit send to all body cells and what does it remove

Answer 5

Sends oxygenated blood and nutrients

Removes waste

Question 6

What encloses the heart and holds it in place

Answer 6

The parietal pericardium

Question 7

What does the parietal pericardium contain

Answer 7

A small volume of serous fluid that reduces friction as the heart moves

Question 8

How many layers are in the wall of the heart

Answer 8

3

Question 9

What is the outer layer of the heart

Answer 9

Epicardium

Question 10

How does the epicardium protect the heart

Answer 10

By reducing friction

Question 11

What is the thick middle layer of the heart

Answer 11

Myocardium

Question 12

What is the myocardium consisted of

Answer 12

Cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of heart chambers

Question 13

What is the inner layer of the heart

Answer 13

Endocardium

Question 14

What is the endocardium continuous with

Answer 14

The inner linings of blood vessels attached to the heart

Question 15

How many hollow chambers are inside the heart

Answer 15

4 hollow chambers

Question 16

What are the two upper chambers

Answer 16

Atria

Question 17

What chambers are thin walled and receive blood retuning to the heart

Answer 17

The atria

Question 17

What are the lower chambers of the heart

Answer 17

Ventricles

Question 18

What chambers receive blood from the atria and contract to force blood out of the heart into the arteries

Answer 18

Ventricles

Question 19

What separates the atrium and ventricle on the right side from their counterparts on the left

Answer 19

The septum

Question 20

From where does the right atrium receive blood

Answer 20

The superior and inferior vena cava

Question 21

Where is the tricuspid valve

Answer 21

Between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Question 22

What does the tricuspid valve do

Answer 22

Allows blood to flow from the atrium to the ventricle without backflow

Question 23

What are the tricuspid and mitral valves called

Answer 23

Atrioventricular valves (A-V)

Question 24

Which ventricle has a thinner muscular wall than the other

Answer 24

The right

Question 25

Why does the right ventricle have a thinner muscular wall than the left ventricle

Answer 25

Because the right ventricle only has to pump blood to the lungs. The left ventricle has to pump blood throughout the body

Question 26

Where does the blood exit when the muscular wall of the right ventricle contracts

Answer 26

Through the pulmonary trunk and the pulmonary valve

Question 27

What does the pulmonary trunk divide into

Answer 27

The left and right pulmonary arteries

Question 28

What does the blood pick up and deposit in the lungs

Answer 28

Oxygen, carbon dioxide

Question 29

Where does the left atrium receive oxygenated blood from

Answer 29

The lungs through four pulmonary veins, two from the right lung and two from the left

Question 30

Through what does the blood pass when it goes from the left atrium into the left ventricle

Answer 30

The mitral/bicuspid valve

Question 31

When the left ventricle contracts, the mitral valve closes and the only exit for the blood is through the _______

Answer 31

Aorta

Question 32

What does the heartbeat sound like through a stethoscope

Answer 32

Lubb-dupp

Question 33

Why does the heart sound like lubb-dupp

Answer 33

Because it's the vibration of the heart tissue associated with the closing of the heart valves

Question 34

Where does the lubb sound come from

Answer 34

It occurs during ventricular contraction when the A-V valves, mainly the tricuspid, are closing

Question 35

Where does the dubb sound come from

Answer 35

Occurs during ventricular relaxation when the pulmonary and aortic valves are closing

Question 36

What do blood vessels consist of

Answer 36

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Question 37

What are arteries

Answer 37

Strong elastic vessels that are adapted to carry blood away from the heart under high pressure

Question 38

What does endothelium release

Answer 38

Nitric oxide, which relaxes the smooth muscle of the vessel

Question 39

What is atherosclerosis

Answer 39

An arterial disease in which deposits of fatty materials like cholesterol form plaque lining the walls of arteries that restricts blood flow

Question 40

What are the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis

Answer 40

``` A fatty (saturated), high sodium diet Elevated blood pressure Tobacco smoking Obesity Lack of physical exercise ```

Question 41

How is pulse pressure calculated

Answer 41

By subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure

Question 42

What is the lowest heart rate recorded by an athlete

Answer 42

25 beats per minute

Question 43

Where is the common carotid and what happens if one of the branches gets clotted

Answer 43

In your neck | You'll have a stroke

Question 44

Where is the radial artery

Answer 44

In your forearm | Named after the radius

Question 45

What does the superior mesenteric artery do

Answer 45

Feeds the organs

Question 46

Where is your external jugular

Answer 46

On the side of your neck, in ur head

Question 47

Where is the great saphenous vein

Answer 47

On the inside of your thigh

Question 48

Artery in your neck

Answer 48

Common carotid

Question 49

Artery in your forearm

Answer 49

Radial artery

Question 50

Artery that feeds the organs

Answer 50

Superior mesenteric

Question 51

Vein on side of your neck

Answer 51

External Jugular vein

Question 52

Vein on inside of your thigh

Answer 52

Great saphenous

Question 53

What sends body cells nutrients and oxygen and removes waste

Answer 53

Systemic circuit

Question 54

________ is found by subtracting diastolic pressure from systolic pressure

Answer 54

Pulse pressure

Question 55

An arterial disease in which deposits of fatty materials like cholesterol form plaque lining the walls of arteries that restricts blood flow

Answer 55

Atherosclerosis

Question 56

The heart is located inside the

Answer 56

Parietal pericardium

Question 57

What are the 3 layers of the wall of the heart

Answer 57

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Question 58

Blood is supplied to the heart by the right and left

Answer 58

Coronary arteries

Question 59

Atrial contraction, while the ventricles relax, followed by ventricular contraction, while the atria relax, is known as the

Answer 59

Cardiac cycle