Chapter 14

Question 1

attention deficit disorder

Answer 1

developmental disorder featuring maladaptive levels of inattention, excessive activity, and impulsiveness

Question 2

tourettes disorder

Answer 2

developmental disorder featuring multiple dysfunctional motor and vocal tics

Question 3

specific learning disorder

Answer 3

neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by academic performance that is substantially below what would be expected

Question 4

childhood

Answer 4

repetition of words or parts of words, as well as prolongations of speech sounds

Question 5

language disorder

Answer 5

difficulty in getting one’s message across to others or understanding the message coming from others

Question 6

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 6

neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in social interactions and communication and restricted patterns of behavior

Question 7

intellectual disability

Answer 7

diagnosis received when one achieves a significantly below-average score on a test of intelligence

Question 8

neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 8

class of disorders that are revealed in a clinically significant way during childhood and adolescence

Question 9

copy number variants

Answer 9

class of genes that are deleted as a result of mutations

Question 10

childhood disintegrative disorder

Answer 10

disorder involving severe regression in language, behavior, and motor skills after a period of normal development

Question 11

Rett disorder

Answer 11

progressive neurodevelopmental disorder featuring constant hand-wringing, intellectual disability, and impaired motor skills

Question 12

pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified

Answer 12

disorder characterized by wide-ranging, significant, and long-lasting dysfunctions that appear before the age of 18

Question 13

joint attention

Answer 13

shared focus toward an object after one person alerts another to the object’s existence

Question 14

prosody

Answer 14

vocal characteristics such as tone that people with autism spectrum disorder often have trouble recognizing

Question 15

naturalistic teaching strategies

Answer 15

group of instructional techniques moving away from traditional desk instruction toward more innate social interactions

Question 16

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 16

recessive disorder involving the inability to break down a chemical whose buildup causes intellectual disability

Question 17

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Answer 17

X-linked disorder characterized by intellectual disability, signs of cerebral palsy, and self-injurious behavior

Question 18

Down syndrome

Answer 18

type of intellectual disability caused by a chromosomal aberration and involving characteristic physical appearance

Question 19

amniocentesis

Answer 19

prenatal medical procedure that allows for the detection of abnormalities in the developing fetus

Question 20

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 20

genetic test conducted during early pregnancy that assesses possible genetic problems in the fetus

Question 21

fragile X syndrome

Answer 21

pattern of abnormality caused by a defect in a sex chromosome resulting in intellectual disability

Question 22

cultural-familial intellectual disability

Answer 22

mild cognitive impairment that may be caused largely by environmental influences