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Psych 377 > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal lobe processes and

A

integrates sensory information

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2
Q

Left parietal lobe injuries are difficult to model in animals because

A

most experimental animals have small parietal lobes and lack higher cognitive functions

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3
Q

Parietal lobe can be subdivided into multiple functional regions, including the

A

postcentral gyrus, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, posterior parietal cortex, precuneus

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4
Q

Parietal cortex, particularly the inferior portion, has

A

expanded greatly in human evolution

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5
Q

Anterior Precuneus

A

sensorimotor functions

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6
Q

Central Precuneus

A

has cognitive functions

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7
Q

Posterior Precuneus

A

has visual functions

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8
Q

Somatosensory areas of the postcentral gyrus project to

A

secondary somatosensory areas in the parietal lobe as well as motor planning and motor control areas in the frontal lobe

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9
Q

Area PE/Brodmann’s area 5 is a

A

secondary somatosensory area

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10
Q

Area PE/Brodmann’s area 5 is a secondary somatosensory area that projects to motor areas

A

4, 6, and 8 to guide movement by providing information about limb position

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11
Q

Area PF/Brodmann’s area 7 receives

A

input from somatosensory areas via PE and projects to motor areas

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12
Q

Area PG

A

integrates information from visual, somatosensory, auditory, vestibular, and oculomotor systems with cognitive input from the cingulate to control spatially guided behavior

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13
Q

Parietal lobe receives significant innervation from

A

prefrontal cortex and sends projections to the same regions of the paralimbic and temporal cortex as the prefrontal cortex does

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14
Q

Dorsal visual stream seems to contain information about

A

How

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15
Q

Three pathways are proposed to make up the dorsal stream

A

Parieto–premotor, Parieto–prefrontal, Parieto–medial–temporal

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16
Q

Parieto–premotor pathway

A

primary “how” pathway for motor control

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17
Q

Parieto–prefrontal pathway

A

is involved with working memory for visuospatial objects

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18
Q

Parieto–medial–temporal pathway

A

projects to the hippocampus and parahippocampal region and is suggested to be important for spatial recognition and navigation

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19
Q

Posterior parietal cortex is important for

A

visuospatial behaviors, and the more ventral regions are involved in perceptual functions

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20
Q

Anterior region of parietal lobe processes

A

somatosensory information

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21
Q

Posterior region of the parietal lobe integrates

A

somatosensory and visual information with the aim of controlling movement

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22
Q

Parietal lobe involved in creating a

A

multisensory map of the world around us to enable us to interact effortlessly with the world

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23
Q

Temporal lobe seems to encode information about how objects

A

relate to each other

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24
Q

Eye movements are based on

A

the position of the eye

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25
Limb control is based on the
position of the joints
26
Posterior parietal cortex plays a significant role in
guiding visuomotor behaviors
27
Activity of neurons in posterior parietal cortex depends on
the visual stimulation and the ongoing behaviors of the individual
28
Some neurons are only active when the individual makes an
eye or arm movement toward an object
29
Other neurons are active when the individual
interacts with or manipulates the object
30
Sensorimotor transformation is the
integration of movement intention with sensory feedback about how the intended movement compares with the actual movement to perform smooth movements towards the target
31
Area PRR is involved in
motor planning by encoding the desired outcome of the movement
32
Recordings from PRR can be used to control a
prosthetic device
33
Research suggests the medial parietal region is important for
route knowledge in humans
34
Cells are active when a specific movement is made at a
particular location
35
Cells control
body movements to specific locations
36
if the the medial parietal region is inactivated in monkeys
, the animal gets lost and cannot navigate correctly
37
Posterior parietal damage impairs
the ability to tell left from right as well as the mental manipulation of objects
38
Other Parietal-Lobe Functions
Arithmetic, Language Movement sequences
39
acalculia
Some patients with parietal-lobe dysfunction are unable to perform calculations
40
acalculia why?
This may be because math can be interpreted as having a spatial component, especially when you have to borrow in a subtraction problem
41
Spatial organization of the letters in a word and words in a sentence
matters
42
Patients with posterior parietal damage may have language difficulties because of
these spatial components
43
Posterior parietal damage makes it difficult to
copy observed movements
44
Damage to the postcentral gyrus and adjacent posterior parietal cortex results in
somatosensory symptoms
45
Damage to the postcentral gyrus results in
high sensory thresholds, impaired ability to sense position, and impaired stereognosis
46
With afferent paresis, lesions to the postcentral gyrus result in
loss of feedback about the positions of the limbs, resulting in clumsy movements
47
Astereognosis is
the loss of the ability to identify an object by touch
48
With simultaneous extinction, a subject is presented with two objects at the same time, but patients with damage to the secondary somatosensory cortex notice and report
only one of the objects
49
Numb touch
the somatosensory equivalent of blind sight, in which the patient reports loss of sensation from a region but can accurately report where they were touched within that region
50
Asomatognosia
a condition where the patient loses knowledge about their own body or condition
51
Anosognosia
unawareness of illness
52
Anosodiaphoria
indifference to illness
53
Autopagnosia
inability to locate and name body parts
54
Asymbolia for pain
lack of typical avoidance reactions to pain
55
Finger agnosia is autopagnosia for fingers and is associated with
dyscalculia. Both are common in children with spina bifida.
56
Balint syndrome results from
Rare condition resulting from bilateral parietal lesions
57
Balint syndrome
Patients have normal vision and can recognize and use objects, pictures, and colors Patient could move their eyes, but not fixate on a target, Patient had simultagnosia, Patient had optic ataxia and was unable to reach a specified target with visual guidance
58
Contralateral neglect associated with
right parietal stroke
59
Contralateral neglect
Patients tend to neglect the left side of their own body and of the world
60
Contralateral neglect Patients can recover by
starting to respond to stimuli on the neglected side of the body as if they were on the intact side, and recovery can continue to simultaneous neglect
61
Neglect can occur following damage to
frontal lobes, cingulate cortex, or subcortical regions
62
Neglect may be due to either
either impaired sensation and perception or impaired attention
63
Neglect can be induced in
healthy individuals by applying TMS to the right intraparietal sulcus and angular gyrus
64
Following posterior parietal damage, patients have difficulty
recognizing objects in unfamiliar views or orientations
65
Gerstmann syndrome damage
Damage to left parietal lobe around area PG
66
Gerstmann syndrome
Patient experienced finger agnosia, left–right confusion, agraphia, and acalculia
67
Other left parietal lesions are associated with symptoms including
Difficulties with writing, reading, and grammar, Apraxia, Dyscalculia, Decreased digit span in verbal working memory Difficulty with left–right discrimination
68
Apraxia is the
loss of skilled movement
69
Ideomotor apraxia patients
are unable to copy movements made by other people
70
Ideomotor apraxia is associated with
left-parietal-lobe lesions
71
Construction apraxia patients
have issues with spatial organization and are unable to assemble puzzles, draw pictures, or copy facial movements
72
Construction apraxia is associated with
posterior-parietal-lobe damage to the left or right hemispheres
73
Impairments in drawing ability can result from damage to
either hemisphere, but are generally more severe following damage to the right parietal lobe
74
Patients with left-parietal damage produced fewer
recognizable drawings and used fewer lines
75
Patients with right-parietal damage tended to
neglect the left side of the image
76
Researchers suggest the parietal cortex may function to shift
attention from one stimulus to another
77
Shifting attention involves
resetting the visuomotor guidance system, associated with the parietal lobe, from one target to the next target
78
Damage to the left and right parietal lobes results in deficits in
spatial cognition, such as mental rotation
79
Tasks such as mental rotation require both the
formation of a mental image and manipulation of that image
80
Left-parietal-lobe damage may
impair the formation of the mental image
81
Right-parietal-lobe damage may impair
the manipulation of the image
82
Overlapping symptoms may be due to
the preferred cognitive mode of the patient
83
somatosensory threshold test
two point discrimination
84
Tactile form recognition test
Seguin-Goddard Form, Board (tactile patterns)
85
Contralateral neglect test
Line bisection
86
Visual perception test
GOllin incomplete figures, Mooney CLosure
87
Spatial relations test
right left differentiation
88
speech comprehension test
token
89
reading comprehension test
token
90
apraxia test
Kimura
91
Somatosensory threshold test explained
Subject is blindfolded and has to report whether they felt one or two touches, Two points are initially set about 3 cm (1 inch) apart, and the distance is reduced until the subject detects only a single touch
92
Tactile form recognition test explained
Subject is blindfolded and manipulates blocks of basic shapes to place them in a similarly shaped hole on a board,Shapes and board are removed, and subject is asked to draw the shapes from memory Shape manipulation likely involves areas PE and PF, and the drawing task likely involves area PG
93
Contralateral neglect test explained
In one, subjects need to draw a vertical line in the middle of a horizontal line, dividing it in half, Some lines are on the left side of the page, and others are on the right, Subjects with contralateral neglect shift the horizontal line more to the right and skip the examples on the left side of the page
94
Visual perception test explained
Patients have to draw the remainder of incomplete pictures of faces or objects
95
Visual perception test sensitivity explained
Sensitive to damage to right temporoparietal junction
96
Spatial relations test explained
Pictures of hands, feet, ears, and other body parts are presented in different orientations, and patients have to identify them as left or right,
97
Verbal Spatial relations test explained
Verbal version asks patient to touch their right ear with the left hand
98
Spatial relations test sensitive to
Sensitive to left-parietal-lobe damage and left-frontal-lobe damage
99
Language test explained
Token Test has four shapes in each of five colors
100
Language test impairment associated with
damage to area PG in the left hemisphere
101
Apraxia test
No standardized tests of apraxia
102
Kimura Box Test asks
subjects to make a sequence of precise movements
103
Functional MRI studies suggest the parietal lobe is involved in
more behaviors than predicted from lesion studies
104
Inferior parietal lobule is active in the
default mode network
105
Temporoparietal junction involved in
in attention, language, memory, social processing, and self-perception
106
Research suggests there may be five different
networks within the temporoparietal junction, with right side favoring attention and left side favoring memory and language
107
Parietal memory network is involved in
learning and memory, and includes the precuneus, angular gyrus, and midcingulate cortex
108
Dorsolateral parietal network connects
prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, and hippocampus regions to perform a variety of spatial functions

Psych 377 (10 decks)

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