chapter 14-16

Question 1

what are the two parts of whole blood?

Answer 1

formed elements and plasma.

Question 2

the correct order of stages occurring during homeostasis is?

Answer 2

a vascular spasm, platelet, plug formation, and blood coagulation.

Question 3

where are the antigens responsible for the ABO blood grouping founded?

Answer 3

in the cytoplasm of red blood cells.

Question 4

what is hematocrit?

Answer 4

percentage of erythrocytes.

Question 5

the purpose of a differential blood count is?

Answer 5

to determine the number percentage of the 5 different types of leukocytes.

Question 6

what is the molecule in erythrocytes that bind oxygen?

Answer 6

hemoglobin.

Question 7

which leukocyte is most abundant, a first responder and a strong phagocyte that dies about 20-30 minutes after reaching trauma area?

Answer 7

neutrophil.

Question 8

what are the function of blood?

Answer 8

to defend against diseases, to transport hormones and to transport nutrients and waste.

Question 9

which plasm protein is changed from an inactive soluble from to an insoluble sticky form by thrombin in the 3rn phase of hemostasis?

Answer 9

fibrinogen.

Question 10

what is the average life span of red blood cells?

Answer 10

120 days.

Question 11

which blood group antigens are found on both on the surfaces of red blood cells of the type 0+ blood.

Answer 11

Rh antigens.

Question 12

which blood type is the universal donor?

Answer 12

0-

Question 13

which of the following is part of the blood plasma?

Answer 13

albumins.

Question 14

which are produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin?

Answer 14

biliverdin and bilirubin.

Question 15

which leukocytes are granulocytes?

Answer 15

basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils.

Question 16

what are cells fragments to become platelets?

Answer 16

megakaryocytes.

Question 17

what is the definition of anemia?

Answer 17

condition in which the oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced.

Question 18

the process for the formation of RBC is called?

Answer 18

erythropoiesis.

Question 19

where are most plasma proteins made?

Answer 19

the liver.

Question 20

what is the stem cell of all formed elements in the blood?

Answer 20

hemocytoblast.

Question 21

diapedesis may occur in?

Answer 21

all leukocytes.

Question 22

what are the 3 groups of plasma proteins?

Answer 22

albumins, globulins and fibrinogen.

Question 23

which blood cell is most numerous in the circulatory?

Answer 23

RBCs.

Question 24

what is the largest component of plasma?

Answer 24

water.

Question 25

in order from right atrium trace the pathway of the pulmonary circuit.

Answer 25

right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary valve pulmonary trunk left and right pulmonary arteries. pulmonary capillaries left and right pulmonary veins left atrium.

Question 26

which of the following are parts of the conductance system of the heart?

Answer 26

SA node, AV bundle (bundle of his) and the Purkinje fibers.

Question 27

which are organs if the cardiovascular system?

Answer 27

heart and blood vessels.

Question 28

the primary pacemaker of the heart is?

Answer 28

the sinoatrial node.

Question 29

which is the deepest layer of the pericardium?

Answer 29

visceral pericardium (epicardium).

Question 30

A heart murmur may be caused by?

Answer 30

a hole in either one or both interatrial or interventricular septum's and incomplete closure of the valves.

Question 31

the mass of cardiac muscle cell that act together to contract at the same time is called?

Answer 31

syncytium.

Question 32

the cardiac cycle may be influenced by?

Answer 32

physical exertion.

Question 33

what two evemts occur during the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram?

Answer 33

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization.

Question 34

blood pressure is defined as?

Answer 34

the force exerted by blood against the inner walls of the blood vessels.

Question 35

what factor aid in the return of venous blood to the heart?

Answer 35

contraction of the skeletal muscle.

Question 36

the main blood vessel that supply oxygen rich/oxygenated blood to the heart cell is known as?

Answer 36

the coronary arteries.

Question 37

the first heart sound is the?

Answer 37

the closing of the AV (tricuspid and bicuspid valves).

Question 38

the cardiac cycle refers to the event that occurs during a heartbeat?

Answer 38

True.

Question 39

lymph vessels are known to contain ___________ just like veins in the cardiovascular system.

Answer 39

valves.

Question 40

where do immature T cells go to mature?

Answer 40

the thymus.

Question 41

which lymphatic organ filters blood instead of lymph?

Answer 41

the spleen.

Question 42

which innate (nonspecific) defense involves intact skin and intact mucous membranes?

Answer 42

inflammation.

Question 43

being exposed to a pathogen, contracting the diseases and then recovering would be which type of immunity?

Answer 43

naturally acquired active immunity.

Question 44

what would be the type if condition when your immune system attacks your own tissues?

Answer 44

autoimmune disease.

Question 45

which of the following descriptions describes a secondary immune response?

Answer 45

rapid response of very low antibodies in plasma.

Question 46

which is the function of the lymphatic/immune system?

Answer 46

defends the body against disease and transports excess fluid from peripheral tissue back to the cardiovascular system.

Question 47

the thoracic duct drains?

Answer 47

the whole body except for the right arm/shoulder, right thoracic region, and the right side of the head and neck.

Question 48

to joint cardiovascular system, the lymph ducts empty directly into the_______?

Answer 48

left and right subclavian veins.

Question 49

lymph nodes contain which leukocytes?

Answer 49

T and B lymphocytes and macrophages.

Question 50

the cellular immunity is carried out by which leukocyte that reacts directly by cell to cell contact to destroy virus-infected cells and cancer cells are?

Answer 50

cytotoxic T cells.

Question 51

where might one find the major cluster of lymph nodes in the human body?

Answer 51

the axillary region, the cervical region, the inguinal region and the thoracic region.

Question 52

which category of T lymphocytes secret chemicals that activate T cells and B cells?

Answer 52

T helper cells.

Question 53

humoral immunity is a function of which antibody producing cell?

Answer 53

B cells.

Question 54

which lymphocytes provide long term immunity?

Answer 54

memory T cells and memory B cells.

Question 55

which are organs of the lymphatic system?

Answer 55

spleen, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and the thymus.