Chapter 14 Flashcards
(30 cards)
How many carbons can one -OH group make hydrophilic?
3
What catalyst is needed for a dehydration reaction?
A strong acid catalyst
What are 1 degree alcohols converted to?
Aldehydes first, then carboxylic acids
What are 2 degree alcohols converted too?
Ketones
What are 3 degree alcohols converted to?
They don’t usually react with oxidizing agents
How can you tell if a reaction is being oxidized?
Increasing C-O bonds and decreasing C-H bonds
How can you tell if something is being reduced?
Increasing C-H bonds and decreasing C-O bonds
Which alcohol has properties that are influenced by the presence of electronegative oxygen and hydrogen bonding?
Phenols
Are phenols more or less hydrophobic than alcohols
Much more hydrophobic because of benzene ring attached
Phenols are used as ____ in the everyday world
Antiseptics
T or F
Ether bonds form hydrogen bonds with each other
False
Are ethers very reactive? What do they react with?
No, don’t react with most reagents
React with oxygen
T or F
Ethers are soluable in water
False
What do thiols react with?
Mild oxidizing agents like oxygen and Br2
T or F
Thiols are extremely smelly
True, are sulfer analogs of alcohol
What does an alkyl halide bond their alkyl group to?
A halogen atom
How are alkyl halides used in the real world?
For medical, industrial, and agricultural practices
T or F
A carbon atom that is both tetrahedral and has 4 different groups attached has a chiral center
True
What does chiral mean?
Having right or left handedness with two different mirror image forms
What are enantiomers?
Optical isomers/ two mirror image forms of a chiral molecule
Would you expect enantiomers to have the same boiling point or water soluability?
Yes, but not same reaction to polarizing light
How are enantiomers affected by polarizing light?
Each mirror image rotates in the opposite direction
What do enantiomers change?
Can change drug functions, tastes, and odors
What is the catalyst for hydrogenation?
Metal
