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Chemistry 1120 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Simple esters secreted by sebaceous glands in skin of animals and perform most external protective functions

A

Waxes

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2
Q

What are carboxylic acid triesters of glycerol called?

A

Triglycerols

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3
Q

A major source of biochemical energy and are fat storage molecules in our body are called

A

Triglycerols

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4
Q

_____ help control the flow of molecules in and out of cells

A

Glycerophospholipids

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5
Q

_____ are amides that are essential to the structure of cell membranes and are abundant in nerve cells

A

Sphingomyelins

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6
Q

What are esters or amides of carboxylic acids with long unbranded hydrocarbon chains (usually around 12-22)

A

Fatty acids

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7
Q

A structure containing only single C—C bonds is saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

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8
Q

A structure containing one or more C—C double bonds is saturated or unsaturated

A

Unsaturated, more than 1 polyunsaturated

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9
Q

Are unsaturated bonds usually cis or trans?

A

Cis

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10
Q

Bile salts and cholesterol are both examples of what kind of lipid?

A

Steroids

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11
Q

____ is needed for fat emulsion in digestion and sex hormones

A

Bile salts

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12
Q

As the number of bonds in fatty acids ____ the melting point _____

A

Increases
Decreases

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13
Q

Does fat or oil have a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Oil (lower melting point too)

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14
Q

Does fat or oil have a high amount of saturated fatty acids?

A

Fat

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15
Q

What can be hydrogenated to yeild saturated fats?

A

Oils/ unsaturated fatty acids

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16
Q

The rearrangement of cis bonds to trans bonds to create trans fats is called what?

A

Partial hydrogenation

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17
Q

What is the most abundant animal sterol? And where is it synthesized?

A

Cholesterol
Liver

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18
Q

_____ is a component of cell membranes and the starting material for all other sterols

A

Cholesterol

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19
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Wax

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20
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Fatty acid

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21
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Triglycerides

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22
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Steroid

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23
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

phospholipid

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24
Q

What kind of lipid is this?

A

Prostaglandin

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25
What type of un/saturation?
Monounsaturated
26
What type of un/saturation?
Saturated
27
What type of un/saturation?
Polyunsaturated
28
T or F Fats that contain more saturated fatty acid residues than unsaturated fatty acid residues are more likely to be solid at room temp
True
29
T or F Nonpolar hydrocarbons are attracted to dirt
True
30
T or F Soap has a hydrophobic polar head and a long hydrophilic tail
False, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail
31
T or F Micelles are suspended in water and carry away dirt
True
32
A lipid molecule that contains at least one carbohydrate unit
Glycolipid
33
T or F Sphingophospholipids contain and amide linkage and glycerol
False, don’t contain glycerol
34
T or F Sphingophospholipids are located in nerve cells
True
35
What type of lipid contains two fatty acids?
Glycerophospholipids (Also called phosphoacyglycerols)
36
Which class of steriod aids digestion by emulsifying fats?
Bile acid
37
Which class of steroid are signal molecules that regulate secondary sexual characteristics
Sex hormones
38
Which class of steroid regulates electrolytes?
Mineralocorticoids
39
Which class of steroid regulates blood glucose?
Glucocorticoids
40
Regulating membrane fluidity is a function of what?
Cholesterol
41
Hydrolysis with strong bases is called what?
Saponification
42
Soap has a ____ at the end that is ___ and hydrophilic + a long hydrocarbon chain that is ____/_____
Sodium salt Ionic Nonpolar/ hydrophobic
43
Spherical cluster formed by the aggregation of soap/ detergent molecules so the _____ ends are in the center and the ____ ends are on the surface is called what?
Hydrophobic= center Hydrophilic= surface Micelles
44
What has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails?
Phospholipids
45
What type of lipids are linked together by ester bonds?
Phospholipids Glycerophospholipids
46
Which lipid is derived from amino alcohol sphingosine?
Sphingolipids
47
____ are essential for emulsification of fats during digestion
Bile salts
48
What is synthesized in the liver from cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder until it’s released into the small intestine
Bile salts
49
Estrone and estradiol are synthesized from ____
Testosterone
50
Are glycolipids and cholesterol in or out of the cell membrane?
In membrane
51
What type of bond holds peripheral proteins together
Noncovalent bonds
52
Movement from high to low concentration gradients without the use of energy is which type of transport?
Passive
53
____ diffusion is the random motion of diffusion through the cell membrane
Simple
54
_____ diffusion is the passive transport of molecules with the assistance of a protein that changes shape
Facilitated
55
The movement of substances from low to high concentrations across the cell membrane with the assistance of energy is what type of transport
Active (uses stuff like ATP energy wise)
56
Linoleic acid is also know as ____
Omega 6
57
alpha-linoleic acid is also know as
Omega 3
58
What is the structure of triglycerol and what bonds it together?
Glycerol with 3 fatty acids Ester bond
59
What is the product of hydrogenation?
Glycerol and fatty acid salt
60
Prostiglandins are hormone like substances derived from _____
Arachidonic acid
61
What is the precursor for all eicosanoid signaling molecules?
Derived from 20 C unsaturated carboxylic acid
62
What reduces the body’s ability to make prostiglandins?
Aspirin/ ibuprofen
63
What is localized in the intracellular chemical messenger?
Eicosanoids

Chemistry 1120 (21 decks)

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