Chapter 26

Question 1

What is DNA’s only function?

Answer 1

Storing genetic information

Question 2

What is the basic structure of all nucleotides?

Answer 2

5 membered cyclic monosaccharide
nitrogen base
phosphate group

Question 3

What is the difference in sugars of DNA vs RNA?

Answer 3

DNA: deoxyribose sugar
RNA: ribose sugar

Question 4

T or F
Cytosine does dipole dipole interactions to connect to guanine

Answer 4

False, they hydrogen bond

Question 5

What are the purines?

Answer 5

Adenosine and guanine

Question 6

What are the pyrimidines?

Answer 6

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 7

What’s the difference between nucleosides and nucleotides?

Answer 7

Nucleosides only have a sugar+ base but no phosphate group

Question 8

Nucleotides are connected between the ____ group on C3’ of sugar ring of one nucleotide and _____ group on C5’ of next nucleotide

Answer 8

-OH group
Phosphate group

Question 9

What is Chargaff’s rule?

Answer 9

There will always be equal amounts of the pairings A—T/U and C—G

Question 10

What is used to replicate DNA?

Answer 10

DNA polymerase

Question 11

What is used to transcript DNA into RNA

Answer 11

RNA polymerase

Question 12

Which way does DNA replicate?

Answer 12

From the 5’ to the 3’ end (leading strand)

Question 13

What direction is that lagging stand replicated from?

Answer 13

From 3’ to 5’

Question 14

_____ move in to hydrogen bond with bases exposed on the template strand during DNA replication

Answer 14

Triphosphates

Question 15

What enzyme attaches the Okazaki fragments?

Answer 15

DNA ligase

Question 16

Process by which information on DNA is read and used to synthesize RNA

Answer 16

Transcription

Question 17

Process by which RNA directs protein synthesis where genetic messages are brought by RNA are decoded and used to build proteins

Answer 17

Translation

Question 18

Which type of RNA codes for the amino acid sequence in protein and occurs at ribosomes?

Answer 18

mRNA

Question 19

Which type of RNA brings amino acids and reads the mRNA to ensure correct protein sequence?

Answer 19

tRNA

Question 20

Which type of RNA are the sites for protein synthesis?

Answer 20

rRNA

Question 21

A nucleotide sequence in a gene that codes for part of a protein

Answer 21

Exon

Question 22

A nucleotide sequence in mRNA that does not code for part of a protein and is removed before mRNA proceeds to protein synthesis

Answer 22

Intron

Question 23

Initially synthesized mRNA containing both introns and exons

Answer 23

Heterogenous nuclear RNA

Question 24

What are the three stages of protein synthesis?

Answer 24

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

Question 25

Answer 25

Adenine

Question 26

Answer 26

Guanine

Question 27

Answer 27

Cytosine

Question 28

Answer 28

Thymine

Question 29

Answer 29

Uracil

Question 30

Deoxyribose or Ribose?

Answer 30

Ribose (RNA)

Question 31

Deoxyribose or Ribose?

Answer 31

Deoxyribose (DNA)

Question 32

What is the new suffix for nucleoside names for purines: pyramidines:

Answer 32

purines: -osine pyramidines: -idine

Question 33

The template strand can only be read in the __’ to __’ direction

Answer 33

3’ to 5’

Question 34

The new DNA strand can only grow in the __’ to __’ direction

Answer 34

5’ to 3’

Question 35

What stage throughout the DNA process is known to be semiconservative?

Answer 35

DNA replication

Question 36

What does each new daughter cell receive from the parent cell after replication and mitosis?

Answer 36

one original strand and one new strand

Question 37

Which strand begins at the origin of replication and is synthesized continuously in direction of replication?

Answer 37

Leading strand

Question 38

What are discontinuous sequences of DNA synthesized by DNA polymerase and fused together by DNA ligase?

Answer 38

Okazaki fragments

Question 39

Which enzyme catalyzes DNA partially unwinding as hydrogen bonds between complementary bases are broken

Answer 39

Helicase

Question 40

What is the smallest RNA molecule and what does it do?

Answer 40

tRNA, transports amino acids

Question 41

Which RNA molecule is an anticodon?

Answer 41

tRNA

Question 42

Which RNA molecule is a codon and Carrie’s genetic information from the nucleus to cytoplasm?

Answer 42

mRNA

Question 43

Which RNA molecule combines with proteins to form ribosomes?

Answer 43

rRNA

Question 44

Does replication, transcription, or translation require tRNAs?

Answer 44

Translation

Question 45

Transcription or Translation? Builds strands of mRNA and occurs in the nucleus

Answer 45

Transcription

Question 46

Transcription or Translation? Occurs in ribosomes and produces proteins Requires tRNA

Answer 46

Translation

Question 47

What is the difference between genes and chromosomes

Answer 47

Gene= part of chromosome that contains DNA (codes for one protein) chromosome= huge molecule of DNA

Question 48

What kind of linkage forms between the sugar and phosphate?

Answer 48

Phoshodietser binds

Question 49

How many bonds are there between A-T and C-G?

Answer 49

A-T= 2 C-G= 3

Question 50

What happens to introns during transcription?

Answer 50

spliced from mRNA before protein synthesis

Question 51

Transcribed RNA is complementary to which strand of DNA?

Answer 51

Template strand