Chapter 14 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is a binary acid?
An acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative
elements.
What are some examples of binary acids?
HF, HCl, HBr, and HI.
What is an oxyacid?
An acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, usually a nonmetal.
What is the pattern in naming an oxyacid?
The names of their anions are based on the names of the acids.
They might end with – ic acid (more oxygen) or – ous acid (less Oxygen)
Name 5 common industrial acids?
1) Sulfuric acid. H2SO4
2) Nitric acid. HNO3
3) Phosphoric acid. 𝐻3𝑃𝑂4
4) Hydrochloric acid. HCl
5) Acetic acid. HC2H3O2
Which acid is in apples?
Malic acid.
Which acid is in grape juice?
Tartaric acid.
Which acid is in vinegar?
Acetic acid.
What are Arrhenius acids?
Compounds that ionize in water to produce H⁺ ions, increasing their concentration in the solution.
What is an Arrhenius base?
A substance that increases the concentration of OH⁻ ions in aqueous solution.
What are ionic hydroxides?
a type of Arrhenius base that Dissociates in water to release OH⁻ ions.
How do Arrhenius acids behave in water?
Aqueous acids are electrolytes.
Water attracts hydrogen ions, leaving negative anions behind.
What is the hydrogen ion in aqueous solution?
H₃O⁺ (hydronium ion).
What is the difference between a strong acid and weak acid?
Strong acid is one that ionizes completely in aqueous solution.
Weak acid releases few hydrogen ions in aqueous solution
What is the trend for acid strength?
Acid strength increases with increasing bond polarity and decreasing bond energy
Ammonia produces _________ ions when it reacts with water molecules
Hydroxide.
What determines the strength of a base?
How much it dissociates in solution.
What is the difference between strong bases and weak bases?
Strong bases dissociate completely.
Weak bases dissociate slightly.
How are Arrhenius acids related to Bronsted-Lowry acids?
All Arrhenius acids donate protons to water, so they are also Bronsted-Lowry acids.
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
A molecule or ion that acts as a proton (H⁺) donor.
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
A molecule or ion that acts as a proton (H⁺) acceptor.
What happens in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction?
Protons (H⁺) are transferred from the acid to the base.
