Chapter 6 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is chemical bonding?
The attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that holds them together.
What changes in an atom when it bonds with another atom?
When atoms bond, their valence electrons are rearranged to increase stability, and this rearrangement determines the type of bonding.
What are the types of chemical bonding?
Ionic bonding and covalent bonding.
What is ionic bonding?
Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between cations and anions
What is covalent bonding?
Chemical bonding that results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms.
How to tell if a chemical bond is ionic or covalent?
By calculating the difference in electronegativities between the two bonding atoms.
If the difference is less than 1.7 it is covalent.
If the difference is 1.7 or greater the bond is ionic.
How many types of covalent bonds are there?
Polar covalent bond and non polar covalent bond.
After finding if a bond is ionic or covalent and it’s covalent. How do we know if it is a polar or non polar covalent bond?
If the electronegativity difference is between 0 and 0.3 it is non-polar.
If the electronegativity difference is between 0.3 and 1.7 it is polar.
What does it mean for a chemical bond to be polar?
It means that the electrons in the bond are shared equally. (Partial charges on the atoms)
What does it mean for a chemical bond to be non-polar?
It means that the electrons in the bond are shared unevenly. (No charges on the atoms)
What does it mean for a chemical bond to be ionic?
There has been a complete transfer of one or more valence electrons. (Full charges on resulting ions)
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
What is a molecular compound?
A molecular compound is a chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules.
What does chemical formula indicate?
It shows the composition of a compound by using atomic symbols and subscripts to represent the number of each type of atom.
What does molecular formula indicate?
the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule, using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts.
Why does nature favor chemical bonding?
Nature favors chemical bonding because bonded atoms have lower potential energy than when they are independent.
How do attractive and repulsive interactions affect atoms as they approach each other?
Atoms experience weak attractive and repulsive interactions at long distances. As they approach, attractive forces dominate, lowering energy until balanced by repulsive forces, which destabilize the system at very short distances.
What forms a stable covalent bond?
A stable covalent bond is formed by balancing attractive and repulsive forces.
What is bond length?
Bond length is the distance between two bonded atoms at minimum potential energy, measured in picometers.
What happens when a covalent bond forms?
Atoms release energy when they bond, equal to the difference in potential energy.
What is Bond energy?
Bond energy is the energy needed to separate bonded atoms, measured in kJ/mol.
Why do atoms bond with others?
Atoms bond to achieve eight electrons in their outer shell, known as the noble-gas configuration.
What is the octet rule?
States that an atom will be most stable when surrounded by 8 electrons in the valence shell.
Why are noble gases unreactive?
Noble gases have eight valence electrons, making them stable and unlikely to bond with other atoms or molecules.
