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MRI Med Term > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

orthopedic surgeons (orthopedists)

A

physicians who deal with the prevention, correction, disorders & injuries of the skeletal system

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2
Q

osteopathic physicians (osteopathy)

A

doctorate in osteopathy, additional training on skeletal system and how it affects the body

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3
Q

physiatrists

A

physicians specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation

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4
Q

chiropractors (DCs)

A

focus on manual adjustments of joints

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5
Q

physical therapists (PT)

A

diagnose and treat injuries or other health conditions to improve a patient’s ability to move, reduce pain, restore function & prevent disability

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6
Q

Physical therapist assistants (PTA)

A

assist physical therapists

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7
Q

orthopedic technologists & technicians

A

assist orthopedic surgeons

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8
Q

podiatrists

A

practitioners in diagnosis & treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

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9
Q

orthotists

A

make and fit orthopedic appliances (orthotics)

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10
Q

4 components of the skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

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11
Q

what bones hold up the body?

A

vertebral column, pelvis & legs

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12
Q

what does cartilage support?

A

nose, ears & ribs

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13
Q

what do tendons support?

A

muscle to bone

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14
Q

what do ligaments support?

A

hold bones together

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15
Q

4 classes to describe bones

A

long, short, flat & irregular

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16
Q

How do genes affect bone growth?

A

determine size & shape at ultimate adult height

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17
Q

How does nutrition affect bone growth?

A

calcium & phosphorous are needed to develop good bone density

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18
Q

How does exercise affect bone growth?

A

increases bone density & total bone mass

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19
Q

How does mineral deposition affect bone growth?

A

calcium & phosphate are taken from plasma & deposited into bone

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20
Q

How does mineral resorption affect bone growth?

A

calcium & phosphate are released from bone back into plasma when they are needed elsewhere

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21
Q

How do vitamins affect bone growth?

A

Vitamin A activates osteoblasts
Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis
Vitamin D stimulates absorption of calcium & phosphate, its transport, and its deposition into bones

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22
Q

What are the factors that affect bone growth?

A

genes, nutrition, exercise, mineral deposition, mineral resorption, vitamins & hormones

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23
Q

most common type of bone in the body

A

long bones

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24
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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25
epiphysis
each end of a long bone (expanded to provide extra surface area for attachment of ligaments & tendons
26
metaphysis
thin area sandwiched between diaphysis & epiphysis
27
epiphysial plate
growth plate, found at the end of long bones in children & adolescents
28
epiphysial line
growth plate line; marks the site of a former growth plate in a long bone
29
periosteum
tough connective tissue sheath that covers the outer surface of all bones; protects bone & anchors blood vessels & nerves to the surface of the bone
30
medullary cavity
hollow cylinder inside diaphysis
31
marrow
fatty tissue that contains blood cells in different stages of development
32
endosteum
thin membrane inside medullary cavity
33
osteoblasts
cells that produce the matrix of new bone tissue
34
osteogenesis
the process in which osteoblasts produce the matrix of new bone tissue
35
bone matrix
consists of cells, collagen fibers, a gel that supports and suspends the fibers & calcium phosphate crystals that give bone its hardness
36
cortex
outer portion of an organ, such as bone
37
cortical
pertaining to the cortex
38
haverslan canals
vascular canals in bone
39
lacuna
small space or cavity within matrix of bone
40
osteoclast
bone removing cell
41
osteocyte
bone maintaining cell
42
osteogenesis
creation of new bone
43
osteoporosis
condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle and fragile & are more likely to fracture
44
fibrous joints
two bones tightly bound together by bands of fibrous tissue with no joint space
45
types of fibrous joints
sutures, syndesmosis, gomphoses
46
suture joint
between bones of the skull
47
syndesmosis joint
joining of 2 bones with fibrous ligaments. movement is minimal (above ankle where tibia and fibula are attached)
48
gomphoses joint
pegs that fit into sockets and are held in place by collagen fibers (teeth)
49
cartilaginous joints
join two bones with cartilage
50
synchondroses joint
join two bones with hyaline cartilage ; little to no movement (ribs and costal cartilages)
51
symphyses joints
join two bones with fibrocartilage (pubis, where two pubic bones meet at the front of your pelvis)
52
synovial joints
contain synovial fluid as a lubricant and allow considerable movement (most joints in legs and arms) ;ends of the bones are covered with hyaline articular cartilage
53
articulation
joint
54
bursa
a closed sac containing synovial fluid
55
fibrocartilage
cartilage containing collagen fibers
56
how many bones in the vertebral column
26 bones divided into 5 regions
57
cervical region (build)
7 vertebrae C1-C7 curved anteriorly
58
thoracic region (build)
12 vertebrae T1-T12 curved posteriorly
59
lumbar region (build)
5 vertebrae L1-L5 curved anteriorly
60
sacral region (build)
one bone curved posteriorly
61
coccyx
tailbone; one bone curved posteriorly
62
cervical
pertaining to the neck region
63
frontalbone
forehead and roofs of orbits and contains a pair of right and left frontal sinuses above the orbits
64
parietal bones
(2) form bulging sides and roof of the cranium
65
occipital bone
forms the back of and part of the base of the cranium
66
temporal bones
(2) forms the sides and part of the base of the cranium
67
sphenoid bone
forms part of the base of the cranium and the orbits
68
ethmoid bone
forms part of the nose and the orbits and is hollow, forming the ethmoid sinuses
69
maxillary bones
(2) form the upper jaw, hold the upper teeth and are hollow, forming maxillary sinuses
70
palatine bones
(2) located behind maxilla
71
zygomatic bones
(2) form the prominences of the cheeks below the eyes
72
lacrimal bones
(2) form the medial wall of each eye orbit
73
nasal bones
(2) form sides and bridge of nose
74
vomer bone
separates 2 nasal cavities
75
inferior nasal conchae
fragile bones in lower nasal cavity
76
mandible
lower jawbone; holds lower teeth
77
cranium
upper part of skull; encloses and protects brain
78
ethmoid bone
forms the back of the nose and part of the orbits and encloses numerous air cells, forming ethmoid sinuses
79
pectoral (shoulder) girdle
connects axial skeleton to the upper limbs and helps with the movements of the upper limb
80
bones of pectoral girdle
scapulae & clavicles
81
carpus
collective term for eight carpal bones of the wrist
82
clavicle
curved bone that forms anterior part of the pectoral girdle
83
humerus
single bone of upper arm
84
metacarpal
5 bones between the carpus and fingers
85
sacroiliac joints
2 joints between the hip bones and the sacrum
86

MRI Med Term (5 decks)

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