Chapter 14

Question 0

Describe the path of electrons

Answer 0

Reduced food molecules to energy carriers to membrane protein carriers to oxygen

Question 1

How do microbes transfer energy?

Answer 1

Moving electrons

Question 2

PMF stands for…

Answer 2

Protein motive force

Question 3

What does the PMF do?

Answer 3

Drives protons across the membrane and stores energy to make ATP

Question 4

Transfer of electrons from a ___________ electron donor to an _______________ electron acceptor

Answer 4

Reduced to oxidized

Question 5

Organotrophy or chemoheterotrophy

Answer 5

Organic molecules are electron donors

Question 6

Electron accepter in aerobic respiration

Answer 6

Oxygen

Question 7

Lithotripsy

Answer 7

Oxidation of inorganic donors (iron or hydrogen)

Question 8

Obligate autotrophs fix ______

Answer 8

CO2

Question 9

Phototrophy

Answer 9

Involves light capture by chlorophyll, usually coupled to splitting H2S or H2O

Question 10

In redox reactions Delta G is __________ to the reduction portentously between the oxidized form and it’s reduced form

Answer 10

Proportional

Question 11

What do E and G equal in forward reactions?

Answer 11

E>0 and G<0

Question 12

What are electron transport proteins called?

Answer 12

Oxidireductases

Question 13

What do oxidoreductases include?

Answer 13

Multiple protein complexes and cytochromes

Question 14

What’s a cytochrome?

Answer 14

Colored proteins whose absorbance spectrum shifts when there is a change in redox state

Question 15

Chemo osmotic theory

Answer 15

Process that drives conversion of ADP to ATP

Question 16

What causes electron potential?

Answer 16

Delta trident

It arises from separation of change between cytoplasm and solution outside

Question 17

Proton potential

Answer 17

Delta p= delta trident -60delta pH

Question 18

What does delta p control?

Answer 18

ATP synthase rotation of flagella
Nutrient uptake
Effluent of toxic drugs

Question 19

Example of conjugated double bond

Answer 19

Heteroaromatic ring such as nicotiana mode ring of NAD+ and NADH

Question 20

Quinone

Answer 20

Membrane soluble carrier that allow for smaller energy transitions

Question 21

Respiratory electron transport system includes what three functional components?

Answer 21

1. ) initial substrate oxidoreductase
2. ) donates the electrons ultimately to a mobile electron carrier
3. ) A terminal Oxidase complex received two electrons from quinol

Question 22

Mitochondrial ETS is different from that of E. coli in what ways?

Answer 22

An intermediate cytochrome oxidase transfers electrons
The mitochondrial ETS pumps more protons per NADH
Homologous complexes have numerous extra subunits

Question 23

What makes up the F1F0 ATP synthase?

Answer 23

F1 protrudes in the cytoplasm- generates ATP

F0 is embedded in the membrane. Pumps protons

Question 24

Haloarchaea use what for membrane potential?

Answer 24

Na+

Question 25

Dissimilatory denitrification

Answer 25

Consists of reducing oxidized states of nitrogen

Question 26

Oxidized forms of nitrogen

Answer 26

``` Nitrate no3- Nitrite no2- Nitric oxide no Nitrous oxide 1/2 n2o Nitrogen gas 1/2 n2 ```

Question 27

Oxidized forms of sulfer

Answer 27

``` Sulfate So4^2- Sulfite so3^2- Thiosulfate 1/2 S2O3^2- Sulfur S Hydrogen sulfide H2S ```

Question 28

Dissimilatory metal reduction

Answer 28

A type lf anaerobic respiration in which metal cations are used as terminal electron acceptors

Question 29

Important metal reductions

Answer 29

Fe+ Uranium by geobacter Au3+ to Au0

Question 30

Organotrophy have specialized oxidoreductases

Answer 30

H2 and NH

Question 31

Ammox reaction

Answer 31

Anaerobic NH4 oxidation

Question 32

H2 is a strong _____________ agent

Answer 32

Reducing

Question 33

Dehalorespiration

Answer 33

A type of hydrogen preppy used for bioremediation

Question 34

Methanogenesis

Answer 34

Reduction of CO2 to methane

Question 35

Methanogenes are always ___________

Answer 35

Archaea