Chapter 14 Flashcards
Unit 7 (26 cards)
Samuel Slater
was called the “father of the factory system” and had a job in England with a textile company. He memorized the machinery and brought it to the states creating the first efficient cotton spinning machine.
Cyrus McCormick
invented the McCormick Reaper which was able to gather and cut more crops.
Eli Whitney:
Created the cotton gin and interchangeable parts in muskets. He assisted the South in the Civil War because he believed that slaves were a necessity.
Carl Schurz:
German democrat who was against slavery and political corruption.
Robert Fulton:
Created the steamboat in 1807 which developed into a major advance in transportation. It was able to travel against the current and waterways were widened to fit two steamboats. Steamboats were beneficial for trade, they created popular stream areas, and they were at low costs.
Samuel F.B. Morse:
invented the telegraph which was a major technological advancement since communication was possible across vast distances.
DeWitt Clinton:
Governor of NY who started the Erie Canal project.
Erie Canal:
The canal was an enhanced method of trade. It linked the Great Lakes with the Hudson River.
It was cheap to ship things though
The value of land surrounding the canal became very expensive and untaxed
Economy around the canal inspired European immigrants to come to America
Create a lot of competition between New England farmers and the West because both were using the canal, but West was larger and had larger businesses for agriculture.
John Deere:
Created the steel plow which made the Western soil easier to have agriculture on.
Catharine Beecher:
Urged women to take upon jobs as teachers, but this was a male dominated field. Never married.
Industrial Revolution
the growth of America with the various contributions of inventors assisting in bettering the economy and communications.
Limited Liability:
if someone invests in a business and the business loses all their money, the person will not lose more money than they invested.
Transportation Revolution:
The new development of transportation such as:
Railroads= connected the West, East, North, and South
Canals aka Erie Canal=water based systems of transportation and trade
Roads= developed by nation at first, then by individual states. Helped settlers reach West
Steamboat= made commercial agriculture feasible in the West
Nativism:
The belief that people who are native to America should be the ones getting jobs and progressing. Did not believe in immigrants and accused them of stealing jobs. Par of the know nothing party
Cotton Gin
machine created by Eli Whitney which was able to efficiently separate cotton from the seeds. This piece of technology allowed for faster production of cotton. Eventually both the North and the South were relying heavily on slaves to produce the cotton. After being made in the South, the North would make various materials from the cotton and factories flourished. The South had a very profitable business with cotton from this machine because Europe would buy cotton directly from America. Also, the North made a very good place for factories because of the snug seaports, a dense population, and rivers easy to trade through.
Clermont:
The name of Robert Fulton’s steamboat
Boston Associates:
Created by 15 Boston families. Was one of the first investment companies.
Clipper Ships
Long and narrow ships that went underwater. This technology didn’t last very long because England had better technology in the seas.
Ancient Order of Hibernian:
secret society of Irish immigrants working together against discrimination of Roman Catholics. They helped fight the Know Nothing Party and anti-catholic forces.
“Molly Maguires”:
a secret/shady group of Irish miners who protested, sometimes violently, about the working conditions in Pennsylvania.
General Incorporation Law:
Law passed 1848 in NY allowing businesses to start their companies without applying for an individual charter from the legislature.
Pony Express:
The way invented to transfer mail with 10 day shipping guaranteed. People would ride fast ponies across the country and deliver mail. This went out of business quickly because the telegraph was taking over writing letters, it was a much faster way of communication.
Commonwealth V. Hunt:
Court case ruling that labor unions are legal and should be allowed. AKA people were allowed to protest against wages and working conditions.
Tammany Hall:
The largest political machine in the country. He was a democratic irish political machine who helped mainly Irish immigrants rise upwards in American politics.
