Chapter 20 Flashcards
Unit 11 (25 cards)
Napoleon III
He was openly unfriendly with the U.S. during war and dispatched a French army to occupy Mexico City.
Maximilian
named Mexico’s emperor and was against the Monroe Doctrine. He was elected by Napoleon III to lead a new government set up in Mexico. After the Civil war, the U.S. invaded and executed Maximilian for disobeying the Monroe Doctrine.
Charles Francis Adams
The U.S. minister to England during the Civil War who kept the pressure on the British government to pay for destroyed shipping.
Clara Barton
Founded the Red Cross
Greenbacks
The paper money which fluctuated in value based on the war status.
William H. Seward
Lincoln’s secretary of state and a previous rival for republican nominations. Worked to buy Alaska from Russia.
Edwin M. Stanton
Secretary of War and helped spy on the radicals
Jefferson Davis
President of the confederacy and was constantly challenged by states’ rights politicians. He was threatened with impeachment. His problem was that the South was a confederacy meaning loosely united and any state could leave at any time.
Morrill Tariff Act
1861 tariff which raised taxes 5-10% in order to meet the costs of war.
Dominion of Canada
Established by the British Parliament which was used to bolster the Canadians against the possible vengeance of the U.S..
National Banking Act
Established the first national banking system since Jackson
Trent Affair
This was the 1st major crisis with England where a British mail ship was attacked by a union ship because the British ship was also transporting confederate leaders. The confederates were captured and the British were outraged. The London Foreign Office demanded an ultimatum where the soldiers would be free and Britain would be given an apology. Eventually, Lincoln freed the confederates because they were “white elephants”and he wanted to battle one thing at a time.
Alabama
Non-warships from England on the confederate side who picked up weapons from Portugal. The Alabama sunk 34 union warships. The Alabama was finally sunk off the coast of France.
Laird Rams
2 confederate warships being constructed in the shipyard of John Laird and Sons of Great Britain. They were designed to destroy the wooden ships of the Union navy. They were far more dangerous than the Alabama.
King Cotton
Was defeated by King Wheat and King Corn, the monarchs of agriculture in the North who ultimately provided for Europe.
Thomas “Stonewall”Jackson
He was the chief lieutenant for the confederate army.
Robert E. Lee
General/ first rate commander of the confederate army. Lincoln proposed Lee to command Northern army, but when his home state of Virginia seceded, he decided he had to fight for the South.
5 Civilized tribes
Cherokee, Creeks, Choctaws, Chichsaws, Seminoles who all supported the Confederacy and some were even in the confederate congress. Some Cherokee even owned slaves. Only Indian tribe siding with the North was the Plains.
Draft Riot
People were drafted disproportionately and in NY they rebelled killing 73 people in the process.
Writ of Habeas Corpus
A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding that person. Lincoln suspended this so that anti-unionists could be summarily arrested.
Fort Sumter
The start of the Civil War. Fort Sumter was the Union fort on te confederacy side that didn’t give up power to the South. The fort was running out of supplies and all of the ports were blocked by South. Lincoln sent a supply ship to the fort, but before it got there, the South fired. The South was able to control the fort for one day, and then surrendered.
Border states
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware were states on the border of the North and the South. They were slave states but had not seceded. To the North, these states were very important because they would contribute to the industrial capabilities. The South would benefit with a population boost.
West Virginia
the “mountain white” area which illegally separated from Virginia to become free.
Billy Yank
Nickname for a Union soldier
