Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biol 66 - Human Physiology > Chapter 14 Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

activity of the heard

A

cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

equation for CO

A

CO= HR x SV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cells of the heart

A

myocardiocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cells that determine the HR

A

autorythmic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

average pressure by which blood is transported through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what system dynamically adjusts CO and MAP

A

autonomic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cardiac output

A

volume of blood that each ventricle pumps out in a certain time (L/min)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

average HR

A

70 beats/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SV volume average

A

70-80mL per beat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pacemaker potential at which SA node is excited

A

100 beats/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which nervous system conrols the resting state

A

parasympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how controls the parasympathetic nervous system the lower HR

A

with ACh

decrease of HR due to permeability to K+ -> slower rate of depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which nervous system is responsible for an increasing HR

A

sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does the sympathetic nervous system control the HR

A

with E and NE

increased permeability of HCN channels -> faster depolarization rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

effects that the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system have on the SA node

A

sympathetic: increased rate of diastolic depolarization - increased HR
parasym. : decreased rate of diastolic depolarization - decreased HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

effects that the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system have on the AV node

A

symp. : increased conduction rate

parasym: decreased conduction rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

effects that the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system have on the atrial muscle

A

symp. : increased strength of contraction

parasym: No effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

effects that the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system have on the ventricular muscle

A

symp. : increased strength of contraction

parasym: No effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

regulations of the SV

A

end diastolic volume
total peripheral resistance
contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

greater End-diastolic volume

A

greater SV because of stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

greater total peripheral resistance

A

greater pressure in arterial system -> lower SV

more blood remains in ventricle -> increased EDV -> increased stretch of heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

greater arterial pressure

A

increased afterload, hard must work harder to eject blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what happenes when E and NE increase the ventricular contractility

A

SV increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the Frank Starling Law of the Heart related to

A

the increase of SV as end-diastolic volume increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Frank Starling Law of the Heart
resting cardiac muscle length is short greater end-diastolic volume = greater stretch = greater cardiac muscle length increase in strenth of contraction - delivery of more force
26
what is the end-diastolic volume affected by
venous return
27
which mechanism keeps blood moving
sympathetic nervous system constricts veins | skeletal muscle pump
28
greater stretch of cardiac muscle
stronger contraction
29
what results in an increased SV
fill heart more with blood | sympathetic signals to increase ventricular contractility
30
factors that increase HR
NE delivery from sympathetic neurons E delivery from adrenal medulla reduced parasympathetic signals
31
factors that increase SV
EDV, NE delivery from sympathetic neurons | E delivery from adrenal medulla
32
where in the body is the majority of blood located
venous system (especially small veins and venules)
33
how much of total body water is extracellular fluid
1/3
34
distribution of extracellular fluid
20% blood | 80 % ISF
35
filtration
movement of fluid and solutes out of blood
36
absorbtion
movement of fluid and solutes into blood
37
what causes fluid to filter out of vessel
blood pressure | difference between capillary hydrostatic pressure and ISF hydrostatic pressure
38
what causes water to be absorbed from tissue into vessel
osmotic forces (water concentration difference between ISF and plasma)
39
what regulates blood volume
drinking, urine volume, water distribution between plasma and ISF Kidney
40
water exchange between...
intracellular and extracellular compartments
41
hydrostatic pressure at arteriolar end of capillaries
37 mm Hg
42
hydrostatic pressure at venular end of capillaries
17 mm Hg
43
ISF hydrostatic pressure
low
44
direction of fluod flow
from high to low pressure
45
Net Filtration Pressure (NFP)
hydrostatic pressure of capillaries - hydrostatic pressure of ISF
46
Starling Forces
opposing forces that act to move fluid across capillary walls
47
equation for Starling Forces
(Pc + PIi) - (Pi + PIc) Pc = capillary hydrostatic pressure PIi = osmotic force due to ISF protein concentration Pi = ISF hydrostatic pressure PIc = osmotic force due to plasma protein concentration
48
relationship between distance and hydrostatic pressure/osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure: declines as blood moves further | osmotic pressure: is constant
49
what indicate + and - values for the Starling Forces
+ net filtration | - net absorb
50
percent of filtrate that returns to blood
85-90% | rest enters lymphatic system
51
where does filtered plasma enter in kidney
tubular system
52
what does tubular system do to filtrated blood
transport and modify to urin
53
amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed from kidney to vascular system
98-99%
54
more reabsorbion by the kidneys
less urine output, increased blood volume
55
less reabsorbion by the kidneys
more urine output, decreased blood pressure
56
when is ADH released
when hypothalamic osmoreceptor detect an increase in blood osmolarity
57
what does ADH do
increases water retention (speicherung)
58
why is aldosterone released
to promote retention of salt - increase water retention
59
which gland releases ADH
hypothalamus/posterior pituitary
60
which system secretes aldosterone
renin-angiotension-aldosterone sytstem
61
Natriuresis
excretion of sodium in urine
62
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
homrone produce by atria | increases sodium and wagter excretion in urine
63
secretion of ANP
stimulated by stretching atria | result increased urine volume to reduced blood volume
64
mean arterial pressure (MAP)
average pressure driving into tissue (except lungs)
65
calculation for blood flow
F = deltaP/Resistance
66
calculation for resistance
R = L(length of vessel)n(viscosity of blood)/r4 (radius radius)
67
why is CO distributed unequal between different organs
due to unequal resistance to blood flow
68
larger radius of a vessel
lower resistance | higher blood flow
69
smaller radius of a vessel
higher resistance | lower blood flow
70
how much is the MAP
100 mmHg
71
equation for MAP
MAP = DP + 1/3 x (pulse pressure) | pulse pressure = systolic-diastolic
72
TPR
total peripheral resistance (combined resistance to flow of all systamic blood vessels)
73
equation of mean arterial pressure with cardiac output
MAP = CO x TPR
74
factors that regulate blood flow
extrinsic control pracrine control intrinsic control
75
which systems control extrinsic control
autonomic nervous system | endocrine system
76
sypathetic stimulation in extrinsic control
NE causes vasoconstriction to decrease blood flow E causes vasodialation to increase blood flow ACh release causes vasodialation in skeletal muscle arterioles
77
parasympathetic stimulation in extrinsic control
stimulates vasoconstriction
78
Paracrine control of the blood flow
secretion of nitric oxide (vasodialation from vessel enothelium)
79
intrinsic control of blood the flow
build-in mechanisms in organs that provide localized regulation of vascular resistance and blood flow flow autoregulation active hyperemia
80
flow autoregulation
maintains constant blood flow
81
active hyperemia
local caaodialation when metabolism increases
82
CO average at rest
5 L/min
83
CO in trained athletes during exercise
up to 35 L/min
84
blood flow during exercise
increased to skeletal muscle - due to increased metabolism - increased vasodialation decreased to difestive system and kidney - due to vasoconstriction controlled by sympathetic NS
85
what effect can practice have on HR and SV
lower HR | increased resting SV
86
what is arterial blood pressure affected by
``` resistance blood volume (SV, HR, CO) ```
87
location of greatest resistance
arterioles
88
what system stimulates vasoconstriction to increase Bp
sympathetic NS
89
baroreceptor reflex
maintains bp constant moitoring pressure in aortic arch and carotid sinuses AP is proportional to MAP
90
vasoconstriction in arterioles
increase bp in arteries | decresed bp and blood flow in capillaries, veins
91
hypotension
low bp | reduced blood flowto brain and cardiac muscle
92
causes of hypotension
CV disease, defect, valve disease, heart attack dehydration, diarrhea, vomitting, large urine loss, burns neural, endocrine defects medication hemorrhage
93
hypertension
chronic high bp (above 140/90 mmHg) left ventricular hypertrophy (ventricle must work against increased arterial pressure) can lead to heart failure, cascular damage kidney damage, atheroscleosis
94
types of hypertension
primary and secondary hypertension
95
primary hypertension
unknown (genetic, environmental/diet)
96
secondary hypertension
arteriosclesclerosis of aorta kidney disease endocrine disorder
97
heart failure
heart doesn´t pump an adequate CO to maintain blood flow
98
what can heart failure lead to
increased fluid retention increase blood vlólume and SV hypertrophy of ventricles
99
heart failure can be caused by what
heart attack hypertension valve insufficiency structural damage of myocardium

Biol 66 - Human Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions