Chapter 14 - Colonial policy and administration Flashcards
What did the Government of India Act 1919 do?
. Viceroy retained control of major areas such as defence and foreign affairs
. Legislative Council split into two: a lower house where members were elected
What was the Simon Commission 1929-30?
. A federal system of government to be created across India
. Provinces to be given more power
. Defence, foreign affairs and financial security to remain in the hands of the Viceroy
What was the Roundtable conference 1930-31?
. Opposition from the Indians led to two Round Table Conferences
. Gandhi could not attend the first one as he was imprisoned, he represented the Congress Party in the second conference
. No agreement was reached, as the British rejected self-governing dominion status
What was the Government of India Act 1935?
. Made provinces self governing
. Enfranchisement expanded from 7 million to 35 million people
. The Congress Party opposed this act as an agreement still has not been reached on the issue of Indian independence
. By 1947, it was clear British colonial policy had failed and India became an independent state
What was colonial policy and administration like in Africa?
Some colonies were indirectly ruled under the British - countries in West Africa such as Uganda, Nyasaland
. Some colonies had British people settle there and the British ruled there directly with officials. E.g. Southern Rhodesia and Kenya
What types of investment were seen in colonies by the British?
. 1920 the British allocated £3 million for the Gezira Cotton scheme to increase cotton production
. The British also allocated £10 million in East Africa for improving rail and dock facilities
. Investment into schools and educational facilities in West Africa
. Britain and also countries in Africa suffered from the Great Depression in the 1930s which hindered development, and led to many workers striking such as the copper miners in Southern Rhodesia
What was Palestine like under Britain?
. Civil government under a British appointed High Commissioner Herbert Samuel set up in 1920
. The London government was sympathetic to the Jews and the British officials in Palestine was sympathetic to the Arabs
. The Jews were wealthy and bought up land through the Jewish national fund
. 1936- The British sent 20,000 troops to Palestine to deal with the rioting
. 1937- Peel report recommended that Palestine should be partitioned into separate Arab and Jewish areas
What happened in Iraq after Britain gained a mandate over it?
Large scale Muslim demonstrations forced the British to militarily intervene
What was the Cairo Conference 1921?
. Allowed for some form of self government
. The British controlled major military bases and had much influence over the Iraqi army
What was the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty 1930?
. Promised a full consultation between the two powers on matters on foreign policy
. British still retained their interest in Iraq due to the oil production
What was the Statute of Westminster 1931?
. Certain Dominions would become independent
. Laws passed in Britain could not be enforced in those countries without the permission of their own parliaments
. The Dominion countries were to be free to pass their own laws without interference
What was appeasement?
Britain surrendered to some territorial demands made by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
