Chapter 8 - Imperial and Colonial Policy

Question 1

How did India begin to modernise?

Answer 1

. Extension of railways
. Investment in education - raised literacy rates

Question 2

Why did Indians accept British rule?

Answer 2

Believed British rule was the best road to the future

Question 3

When was the partition of Bengal?

Answer 3

1905

Question 4

What were the 2 sides of the partition?

Answer 4

. East - Muslim majority
. West - Hindu majority

Question 5

Why did Curzon resign after the partition?

Answer 5

. Hindu elite annoyed - owned land in East Bengal
. Partition was unpopular

Question 6

When was the Indian Muslim League created?

Answer 6

1906 by Muslim elites in East Bengal

Question 7

When was Bengal united?

Answer 7

1911

Question 8

When were the Morley-Minto reforms introduced?

Answer 8

1909

Question 9

When was the Indian Councils Act made and what did it mean?

Answer 9

. 1909
. Enables 27 Indians to be elected from provincial constituencies

Question 10

Where was the Indian capital moved to?

Answer 10

. From Calcutta to Delhi
. Done so by Viceroy Hardinge

Question 11

What are capitulations?

Answer 11

Privileges by the Sultan which protected Europeans from Muslim laws against Christians

Question 12

What is the Caisse de la Dette?

Answer 12

Controlled Egypt’s finances

Question 13

How many Britons were in the Egyptian government by 1905?

Answer 13

Over 100

Question 14

How much was Egypt in debt by?

Answer 14

. £70m
. Baring helped by cutting spending on Egypt’s military and bureaucracy

Question 15

How did Egypt’s economy improve?

Answer 15

. Investments in irrigation schemes
. Improved conditions of the Egyptian labourers

Question 16

What happened to Egypt’s exports?

Answer 16

. Sugar + cotton exports increased x3
. Population increased by 10m

Question 17

What was the Denshawai incident?

Answer 17

. British officer shot and wounded the wife of Muslim prayer leader

. Other soldiers killed a villager who they falsely accused of being an assassin due to the officer’s death in the intense heat

Question 18

What did Sir Eldon Gorst do in Egypt?

Answer 18

. Brought more Egyptians into government to weaken the Egyptian nationalist party

Question 19

What happened to the Khedive?

Answer 19

He was deposed + replaced by Hussein Kamel

Question 20

What alliances were formed in Europe?

Answer 20

. Germany + Austria-Hungary - later joined by Italy

. France + Russia

Question 21

What did Kaiser Wilhelm II do?

Answer 21

. Challenged Britain for its colonies
. Est relations with Ottomans - easier access to Africa

Question 22

When did Britain and France sign the Entente?

Answer 22

1904

Question 23

What happened to Russia in 1905?

Answer 23

. Lost Russo-Japanese war
. Weakened Tsarist rule

Question 24

What was the 1909 Imperial Conference held for?

Answer 24

To deal with the threat of Germany?

Question 25

What happened in 1914?

Answer 25

. Germany invaded Belgium
. Britain joined the - allied with France+ Russia
. WW1 began