Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy 2 > Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the Lymphatic System

A

fluid balance and absorption, absorb dietary fats, defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is fluid balance and absorption important

A

prevents edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many liters are absorbed by the tissues

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are dietary fats absorbed

A

the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are responsible for defense

A

WBCs in the lymphatic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the name of the fluid inside lymphatic vessels

A

lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the flow of lymph

A

lymphatic capillaries, lacteals, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic collecting ducts, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are lacteals located and what do they do

A

small intestine, absorb fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lymphatic vessels resemble _____ because they have _______

A

veins; valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain to

A

drains to the Left Subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain to

A

the Right Subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What helps lymph flow towards the subclavian veins

A

Muscle contraction, deep breathing, lymphatic vessel contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

deep breathing causes changes in _______ in ______ and _________

A

pressure; thoracic; abdominal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do valves prevent

A

backflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is lymphedema

A

fluid accumulation in tissues caused by blocked or removed lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tonsils are an outgrowth on the ______

A

pharynx wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lymph nodes are located ______ the body

A

throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the most common areas to find lymph nodes are

A

cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the spleen

A

it is the largest lymphatic organ located in the upper left abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the thymus gland

A

a gland that is larger and more active during childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is another name for the pharyngeal tonsils

A

nasopharynx “adenoids”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils

A

oropharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where are the lingual tonsils

A

oropharynx at the base of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are T/B Cells and macrophages located

A

lymphatic nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
where do B cells divide
the germinal center
26
True or False: T and B cells are exposed to foreign antigens as lymph flows into the lymph node
true
27
True or False: the spleen is a blood filter
True
28
What are the functions of the spleen
degrade dead/dying RBCs, Stores Iron, Blood filter and blood reservoir, Initiates immune responses from T and B cells
29
What is the hormone that stimulate T cell maturation
thymosins
30
How do infants and child build immunity
through exposure to pathogens
31
Which type of immunity are you born with?
innate immunity; nonspecific immunity
32
What is innate immunity's job
the first line of defense against pathogens
33
what makes up your innate immunity?
physical barriers, chemical mediators, leukocytes, and inflammation
34
what are the physical barriers
skin, mucous membranes
35
what are the chemical mediators
interferons, complements
36
what do interferons do
interfere with viral replication
37
what are complements and what do they do
enzymes; remove antigen-antibody complexes
38
what are the classic local inflammation signs
redness, swelling, heat, and pain
39
what is systemic inflammation
inflammation throughout the body
40
fever is stimulated by ______
pyrogens
41
what are the benefits of fever
promoting interferon activity, increase in metabolic rate speeds tissue repair, inhibiting bacterial and viral replication
42
what are self antigens
antigens that present on our own cells
43
what are foreign antigens
not recognized as our own
44
what is an autoimmune disease
when the immune system attacks self antigens
45
what lymphocytes are responsible for adaptive immunity
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes
46
T lymphocytes are responsible for what type of immunity
cell-mediated immunity
47
B lymphocytes are responsible for what type of immunity
antibody-mediated immunity
48
what are the two T lymphocyte types
cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells) and Helper T cells (CD4+ cells)
49
what do cytotoxic T cells do
kills infected cells
50
What do Helper T cells do
coordinates all aspects of the immune response; the "heart" of the immune response
51
What are TCRs
T cell receptors; they bind with antigens
52
What do plasma cells do
produce antibodies
53
where are naive T and B cells produced
the bone marrow
54
Where do pre T cells go to mature
the thymus
55
where do B cells mature
red bone marrow
56
True or False: T and B cells circulate in lymph vessels and nodes, spleens, and lymphatic nodules under epithelium, they are also in blood
True
57
What does MHC stand for
Major Histocompatibility Complex
58
Where are Class 1 MHCs displayed
any cell with a nucleus
59
what recognizes Class 1 MHCs
cytotoxic T Cells then stimulate apoptosis
60
Where are Class 2 MHCs displayed
macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells
61
What recognizes Class 2 MHCs
Helper T cells
62
What are APCs
antigen presenting cells (macrophages and Dendritic cells)
63
What do APCs do
show foreign antigens to helper T cells
64
What is the process for Helper T Cell activation
1) macrophage eats antigen and processes 2) MHC Class 2 presents antigen to helper T cells (TCR binding and recognition of antigen occurs) 3) Cytokines costimulate helper T cells. 4) Helper T cell clones 5) some daughter cells become memory cells
65
What are interleukins
the most diverse and important chemicals of the immune system
66
what are tumor necrosis factors
kill tumor cells, slow growth
67
How to Cytotoxic T cells kill
apoptosis and perforins
68
What is the process for B cell activation
1) B cell processes antigen and is now sensitized and can show it to a Helper T cell 2) Helper T costimulation of B cell 3) B cell clones and differentiates into plasma cells 4) Plasma cells secrete antibodies against foreign antigen
69
What are the classes of antibodies
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD
70
True or False: Complement enzymes activated by antigen-antibody complexes - kills bacterial cells
true
71
What is the IgG antibody known for
being the most common
72
What is the IgM antibody known for
primary immune response
73
What is the IgA antibody known for
being found in saliva, tears, mucous membranes
74
What is the IgE antibody known for
inflammation, allergies
75
What is the IgD antibody known for
acting as B cell receptors for antigens
76
What is the PLAN of attack for antibodies
phagocytosis, loves inflammation/-lysis, agglutination, neutralization
77
Is the primary response or secondary response rapid and more powerful
secondary response
78
For active immunity, how do you naturally acquire it?
by getting sick
79
For active immunity, how to you artificially acquire it?
you get vaccinated
80
For passive immunity, how do you naturally acquire it?
antibodies transferred form mom to fetus via the placenta OR mom to baby through breast feeding.
81
For passive immunity, how do you artificially acquire it?
you are given a shot with antibodies (gamma globulins)
82
True or False: innate immunity and adaptive immunity rely on each other
true
83
What is Graves disease
hyperthyroidism
84
What is rheumatoid arthritis
crippling arthritis
85
what is systemic lupus erythematosus
disease of connective tissues
86
what is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
autoantibodies attack beta cells of the pancreas
87
what is vasculitis
inflammation of blood vessels

Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions