chapter 15 Flashcards
1
Q
bone head
A
rounded end of bone
2
Q
condyle
A
rounded knuckle like process, at end of bone
3
Q
epicondyle
A
small rounded process, above condyle
4
Q
trochanters
A
large and small processes for tendon attachements on femur
5
Q
tuberosity (tubercle)
A
round elevation where tendons and muscles attach on humerus, heel bone (calcaneuous), and pelvis
6
Q
fissure
A
narrow groove or slit opening
7
Q
foramen
A
opening for blood vessels and nerves
8
Q
fossa
A
shallow cavity in or on bone
9
Q
sinus
A
hollow cavity within bone
10
Q
ethmoid bone
A
supports nasal cavity and eye sockets
11
Q
frontal bone
A
forehead, part of eye sockets
12
Q
occipital
A
back and base of skull
13
Q
parietal bone
A
top and side of skull
14
Q
sphenoid bone
A
base of skull, behind eyes (bat shaped)
15
Q
temporal bone
A
lower sides and back of skull
16
Q
lacrimal bones
A
corners of each eye
17
Q
mandible
A
lower jawbone
18
Q
maxillae
A
upper jawbones
19
Q
nasal bones
A
bridge and septum of nose
20
Q
vomer
A
nasal septum (thin, flat bone)
21
Q
zygomatic bones
A
cheek bones
22
Q
calc/o, calci/o
A
calcium
23
Q
kyph/o
A
humpback, hunchback (curvature in thoracic region)
24
Q
lamin/o
A
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
25
lord/o
curve, swayback (anterior curvature in lumbar region)
26
lumb/o
loins, lower back
27
myel/o
bone marrow
28
orth/o
straight
29
oste/o
bone
30
scoli/o
crooked, bent (lateral curvature)
31
spondyl/o (used to make words about conditions of structure)
vertebra
32
vertebr/o (used to describe structure itself)
vertebra
33
-blast
embryonic or immature cell
34
-clast
to break
35
-listhesis
slipping
36
-malacia
softening
37
-physis
to grow
38
-porosis
pore, passage
39
-tome
instrument to cut
40
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
41
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel)
42
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
43
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
44
cost/o
ribs (true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs)
45
crani/o
cranium (skull)
46
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
47
fibul/o
fibula (smaller lower leg bone)
48
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
49
ili/o
ilium (upper part of pelvic bone)
50
ischi/o
ischium (posterior part of pelvic bone)
51
malleol/o
malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)
52
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jawbone)
53
maxill/o
maxilla (upper jawbone)
54
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
55
metatarsa/o
metatarsals (foot bones)
56
olecran/o
olecranon (elbow)
57
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
58
pelv/o
pelvis
59
phalang/o
phalanges (finger and/or toe bones)
60
pub/o
pubis (anterior part of pelvic bone)
61
radi/o
radius (forearm bone - thumb side)
62
scapul/o
scapula (shoulder bone)
63
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
64
tars/o
tarsals (bones of the mid and hindfoot)
65
tibi/o
tibia (shin bone)
66
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone, little finger side)
67
ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children
68
exostosis
bony growth (benign) arising from surface of bone
69
fracture
traumatic breaking of bone
70
osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)
malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents
71
osteomalacia
softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone
72
osteomyelitis
inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection
73
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone
74
talipes
congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)
75
ankyl/o
stiff
76
arthr/o
joint
77
articul/o
joint
78
burs/o
bursa
79
chrond/o
cartilage
80
ligament/o
ligament
81
rheumat/o
waterfy flow
82
synov/o
synovial membrane
83
ten/o, tendin/o
tendon
84
-desis
to bind, tie together
85
-stenosis
narrowing
86
arthritis
inflammation of any joint
87
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine
88
gouty arthritis (gout)
inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by deposition of uric acid crystals
89
osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces
90
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, specifically synovial membrane
91
bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around joint at the base of big toe
92
carpal tunnel syndrome (cts)
compression of median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist
93
dislocation
displacement of bone from its joint
94
ganglion cyst
fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendon
95
herniation of an intervertebral disc
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into spinal canal or nerves
96
lyme disease (lyme arthritis)
chronic, recurrent disorder marked by server arthritis, myalgia, malaise; caused by tick
97
sprain
injury, involves overstretching of ligaments around joint
98
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, cns, heart, lungs
99
flexion
decreasing angle between two bones, bending
100
extension
increasing angle between two bones, straightening out
101
abduction
movement away from midline
102
adduction
movement toward midline
103
rotation
circular movement around axis
104
dorsiflexion
decreasing angle of ankle join so foot moves upward
105
plantar flexion
motion that moves foot downward toward ground
106
supination
applied to hand and forearm: elbow is bent, act of turning palm up
applied to food: outward roll of foot/ankle
107
pronation
applied to hand and forearm: elbow is bent, act of turning palm down
applied to foot: inward roll of foot/ankle
108
fasci/o
fascia
109
fibr/o
fibrous connective tissue
110
leiomy/o
smooth (visceral) muscle that lines walls of internal organs
111
my/o
muscle
112
myocardi/o
heart muscle
113
myos/o
muscle
114
plant/o
sole of the foot
115
rhabdomy/o
skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones
116
sarc/o
muscle and flesh
117
-asthenia
lack of strength
118
-trophy
development, nourishment
119
ab-
away from
120
ad-
toward
121
dorsi-
back
122
poly-
many, much
123
muscular dystrophy
grp of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degen of muscle fibers, doesn't involve nervous sytem
124
polymyositis
chronic inflammatory myopathy
125
antinuclear antibody test (ana)
detects antibody presence in serum of patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases
126
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
measures time i takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of test tube
127
rheumatoid factor test (RF)
serum is tested for presence of antibody found in patients with RA
128
serum calcium (CA)
measurement of calcium level in serum
129
serum creatine kinase (CK)
measurement of enzyme creatine kinase in serum
130
uric acid test
measurement of uric acid in serum
131
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from joint space
132
arthrography
taking xray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
133
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint
134
arthroscopy
visual examination of joint with arthroscope
135
bone density test (bone densitometry)
low energy xray absorption in bones of spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass
136
bone scan
uptake of radioactive substance is measured in bone
137
discography
xray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of disc)
138
electromyography (emg)
recording electrical activity of muscle tissue
139
magnetic resonance imaging (mri)
strong magnetic field and advanced computing tech are used to create high res images of soft tissues inside body
140
muscle biopsy
removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination to asses for abnormalities or disease
