Chapter 15

Question 1

Personality psychologists
(speaking up in class)

Answer 1

traits that make one person more likely than another to speak

Question 2

Social psychologists
(speaking up in class)

Answer 2

aspects of classroom situations that would influence ant students decision about speaking

Question 3

Attribution

Answer 3

a conclusion about the cause of an observed behavior

Question 4

Attribution theory

Answer 4

we explain others behavior with 2 types of attributions
situational and dispositional

Question 5

situational attribution

Answer 5

factors outside person doing the action

Question 6

dispositional attribution

Answer 6

persons stable, enduring traits, personality, ability, emotions

Question 7

fundamental attribution error

Answer 7

when we go too far in assuming a persons behavior is caused by their personality

Question 8

attitude

Answer 8

feelings, ideas, and beliefs that affect how we approach and react to other people, objects, and events

Question 9

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 9

tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a small one

Question 10

role playing affect

Answer 10

eventually tend to adopt attitudes that go with the role, and become the role

Question 11

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 11

when our actions are not in harmony with our attitudes

Question 12

self handicapping

Answer 12

avoiding effort so potential failure wont damage self esteem

Question 13

conformity

Answer 13

adjusting our behavior or thinking to fit in with a group standard

Question 14

automatic mimicry

Answer 14

affecting behavior
ex: contagious yawning, adopting regional accents, empathetic shifts in mood

Question 15

social norms

Answer 15

affecting our thinking

Question 16

Milgram obedience study

Answer 16

researchers tell participants to continue shocking person behind wall though they yell out in pain

Question 17

social facilitation

Answer 17

presence of audience “facilitate” better performance for everyone except newcomers

Question 18

social loafing

Answer 18

tendency of people in a group to show less effort when not held individually accountable

Question 19

group polarization

Answer 19

people of similar views form a group and views become more extreme

Question 20

groupthink

Answer 20

in pursuit of social harmony and in avoidance of open disagreement groups will make decisions without open exchange of ideas

Question 21

prejudice

Answer 21

unjustified attitude towards a group

Question 22

discrimination

Answer 22

unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group

Question 23

stereotype

Answer 23

generalized belief about a group

Question 24

social inequality

Answer 24

when some groups have fewer resources and opportunities than others

Question 25

scapegoat theory

Answer 25

when bad things happen, prejudice offers an outlet for anger by finding someone to blame

Question 26

prejudice link to fear

Answer 26

prejudice seems absent in people with inactive fear responses in the amygdala

Question 27

other-race effect

Answer 27

more easily recognize own race

Question 28

the just-world fallacy

Answer 28

believing justice generally happens, people get benefits and punishment they deserve

Question 29

Aggression

Answer 29

behavior with intent of harming another person testosterone levels correlated

Question 30

the mere exposure effect

Answer 30

merely seeing someone face and name makes them more likeable /more likely to develop attraction to someone you've seen a lot

Question 31

altruism

Answer 31

unselfish regard for welfare of other people

Question 32

bystander effect

Answer 32

fewer people help when others are available 1. diffusion of responsibility 2. people in a crowd follow others example 3. after a while people rationalize inaction