Chapter 16

Question 1

Disorder

Answer 1

state of mental/behavior ill health

Question 2

patterns

Answer 2

finding a collection of symptoms that tend to go together and not just seeing a single symptom

Question 3

Deviant

Answer 3

different from the norm
depends on context

Question 4

dysfunction

Answer 4

impact of psychological disorder on a persons ability to manage day-to-day tasks and relationships

Question 5

distress

Answer 5

internal anguish that can lead to desperation and suicide

Question 6

The diagnostic and statistical manual

Answer 6

DSM
consistent with diagnoses used by doctors worldwide
used to justify payment for treatment

Question 7

Anxiety disorders

Answer 7

includes intense, irrational anxiety that interferes with daily functioning

Question 8

Panic disorders

Answer 8

recurrent transient attacks of intense fearfulness

Question 9

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 9

persistent, excessive anxiety and worry that lasts for months

Question 10

Phobic disorders

Answer 10

intense, irrational fears that are centered on a specific object, activity, or situation
treatment: fear conditioning

Question 11

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Answer 11

CBT
structured, goal oriented counseling directed more at education abt disorder and skills to manage symptoms

Question 12

Anxiolytics

Answer 12

drugs that relieve anxiety

Question 13

Benzodiazepines

Answer 13

valium and xanax
boost effects of GABA receptor which normally inhibits neuronal activity throughout cortex

Question 14

Systematic desensitization

Answer 14

gradually exposing person to feared object/situation so they can learn there’s no real danger

Question 15

Obsessive compulsive disorder OCD

Answer 15

obsessions: intense, unwanted worries, ideas, and images that repeatedly pop into mind
compulsions: repeatedly strong feelin of “needing” to carry out an action, even if it doesn’t make sense
treatment: responds well to CBT and antidepressants

Question 16

Post traumatic stress disorder
PTSD

Answer 16

10 to 35% people who experience trauma have vivid, intense memories for 4 weeks to a lifetime after

Question 17

Major depressive disorder MDD

Answer 17

depressed, lowered interest (must be one or both)
then 3 of others
weight change, insomnia, worthlessness, fatigue, etc.

Question 18

Electroconvulsive shock therapy ECT

Answer 18

intentional induction of large-scale seizure can rapidly reverse sever depression
they dont know why it works

Question 19

Monoamine hypothesis

Answer 19

depression caused by reduced activity of monoamine transmitters

Question 20

1st antidepressans

Answer 20

inhibitors of monoamine oxidase which inactivated monoamine
inhibitors increase monoamines in synapsis

Question 21

Tricyclics

Answer 21

2nd gen antidepressants
inhibit reuptake of monoamine prolonging synaptic activity

Question 22

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs

Answer 22

inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
modern antidepressants
dont help everyone
1/3 with placebo felt better

Question 23

Depressions endless treadmill

Answer 23

Thoughts (negative) no point in trying
->
Mood (low) feel guilty, discouraged
->
behavior (reduced)
less active, avoid people/situations

Question 24

Bipolar disorder

Answer 24

once called “manic depressive disorder”
mania: elevated mood, euphoric, impulsive, etc.
depressed mood: withdrawal, pessimism, etc.

Question 25

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Answer 25

many young people have cycles from depression the extended rage rather than mania

Question 26

Schizophrenia

Answer 26

psychosis: mental split from reality and rationality disorg., delusional thinking, inappropriate emotions/actions

Question 27

Positive schizophrenia symptoms

Answer 27

presence of problematic behaviors hallucinations delusions disorg, thought and nonsensical speech bizarre behaviors

Question 28

Negative schizophrenia symptoms

Answer 28

absence of healthy behaviors flat effect (no facial emotion) lower social interaction anhedonia (no enjoyment) avolition (less motivation) alogia (speaking less) catatonia (moving less)

Question 29

Onset and development of schizophrenia

Answer 29

symptoms typically appear at end of adolescence and in early adulthood later for women 1 in 100 develop, more men than women course of schizophrenia can be acute/reactive or chronic

Question 30

Acute/reactive schizophrenia course

Answer 30

in reaction to stress, some people develop positive symptoms such as hallucinations recovery is likely

Question 31

chronic/process schizophrenia course

Answer 31

develops slowly with more negative symptoms with treatment and support periods of normal life, no cure without treatment often leads to poverty and social problems

Question 32

Dissociative Identity Disorder DID

Answer 32

formerly "multiple personality disorder" personalities are distinct and not present at the same time may or may not appear to be aware of each other

Question 33

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 33

compulsion to loose weight, certainty about being fat despite being 15% or more underweight 0.6% meet criteria

Question 34

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 34

Compulsion to binge (large amounts of food in a short period) and purge (vomit, laxatives, extreme exercise) 1%

Question 35

Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 35

Compulsion to binge, followed by guilt and depression 2.8%

Question 36

Personality disorders

Answer 36

enduring impairments in interacting with others that cause the client significant distress diagnosis difficult b/c social norms and age appropriate behavior

Question 37

Schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 37

resembles schizophrenia; client may have unconventional, paranoid beliefs, and eccentric behavior that makes it difficult to maintain relationships at risk for developing schizophrenia

Question 38

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

Answer 38

behavior/thinking characterized by rigidity regarding order, organization, and notions of what is right and wrong preoccupied with orderliness and perfectionism

Question 39

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 39

characterized by sense of self-importance requiring excessive admiration and lack of empathy for others

Question 40

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 40

emotional instability, identity disturbances, and impulsive behavior that impairs relationships with other people client somewhere between psychosis and neurosis immense fear of being abandoned may lead friends to be driven away psychotherapy can be effective to regulate emotions

Question 41

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 41

characterized by social phobia or extreme sensitivity about negative comments or behaviors from others, interpersonal contact avoided CBT can increase self esteem and confdence

Question 42

Antisocial Personality Disorder ASPD

Answer 42

pattern of disregard for other peoples rights, with little evidence of remorse for harm done to others tend to be impulsive and antagonistic extreme cases psychopaths or sociopaths may not ever seek help